Temperature Extremes, Health, and Human Capital

Zivin, Joshua Graff; Shrader, Jeffrey

doi:10.1353/foc.2016.0002

Cited by 80 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A consistent finding in this literature is the heightened vulnerability of children 24 , who both have less resilient biological coping mechanisms and are often differentially exposed to excess heating due to behavioral and social reasons such as outdoor play or agricultural chores 25 , 26 . Exposure to high ambient temperatures leads to a range of acute health problems in children 4 , 27 , including thermal stress-induced dehydration and heat exhaustion, exposure to changes in disease environment including increased prevalence vector borne and diarrheal diseases 19 , 27 – 33 , all culminating in broadly increased mortality risk of high temperature exposure among infants 4 , 5 , 34 , 35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Characterizing the contribution of high temperatures to child undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Baker

Anttila-Hughes

2020

Sci Rep

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Despite improvements to global economic conditions, child undernourishment has increased in recent years, with approximately 7.5% of children suffering from wasting. Climate change is expected to worsen food insecurity and increase potential threats to nutrition, particularly in low-income and lower-middle income countries where the majority of undernourished children live. We combine anthropometric data for 192,000 children from 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with historical climate data to directly estimate the effect of temperature on key malnutrition outcomes. We first document a strong negative relationship between child weight and average temperature across regions. We then exploit variation in weather conditions to statistically identify the effects of increased temperatures over multiple time scales on child nutrition. Increased temperatures in the month of survey, year leading up to survey and child lifetime lead to meaningful declines in acute measures of child nutrition. We find that the lifetime-scale effects explain most of the region-level negative relationship between weight and temperature, indicating that high temperatures may be a constraint on child nutrition. We use CMIP5 local temperature projections to project the impact of future warming, and find substantial increases in malnutrition depending on location: western Africa would see a 37% increase in the prevalence of wasting by 2100, and central and eastern Africa 25%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Characterizing the contribution of high temperatures to child undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Baker

Anttila-Hughes

2020

Sci Rep

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“…2018). The effects of higher temperatures on children are higher rates of cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases and malnutrition (Jochmann 2006, WHO 2016b, Zivin and Shrader 2016). Extreme weather events (e.g., droughts, floods, storms) causing forced migration may result in malnutrition, infections, water‐borne illnesses, and poor school attendance and performance (Kousky 2016, Watts et al .…”

Section: Why Should Climate Change Be Of Concern To Slts and Service mentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the implications of climate change for speech and language therapists?

Sherratt

2020

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Background: The emerging global issue of climate change has large-scale effects on health and well-being, including communication disorders. The broad range of the speech and language therapy profession's scope of practice incorporates prevention, advocacy and equality in service delivery. These act as a springboard for involvement in climate change and health. Aims: This is an appeal to speech and language therapists (SLTs) to focus and take action on this issue and its considerable effects on communication and swallowing disorders. Methods & Procedures: This article discusses the importance of taking a public health position on prevention and equality of services to manage environmental determinants of communication and swallowing disorders. It also describes the extent to which climate change affects these disorders and exacerbates the inequality of healthcare services in low-and middle-income countries. Main Contribution: Five strategies are provided for action on fulfilling therapists' roles in reducing the incidence, development and exacerbation of climate-related communication and swallowing disorders, as well as the role of SLTs in acting as advocates. The case is made for expanding the scope of services to focus on prevention and service equality so as to best meet the needs of the wider community. Conclusions & Implications: Despite other challenges currently facing SLTs, climate change and its increasing effects on communication disorders and dysphagia is difficult to ignore. SLTs owe it to their clients, the wider community, low-and middle-income countries, the economy, and the future to take action.

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“…Children are more vulnerable to many of the effects due to their small size, developing organs and nervous systems, and rapid metabolisms (Bartlett, 2008). Children are more sensitive to temperature, because their physiological regulatory systems may be less effective (e.g., they sweat less) and because they are more likely to depend on others to help them regulate their behavior (Zivin & Shrader, 2016). Their small size makes very young children more susceptible to dehydration, and children under age five living in poverty represent 80% of victims of sanitation-related illnesses and diarrheal disease (Bartlett, 2008).…”

Section: Children and Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%