Temperature field simulation and ampacity optimisation of 500 kV HVDC cable

Boda, Zhou; Le, Yanjie; Fang, Yalin; Yang, Fan; Dai, Tao; Sun, Lei; Liu, Jiapeng; Zou, Lekai

doi:10.1049/joe.2018.8586

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For submarine cables, in any case, part of the path close to the cable terminals is buried in the soil, and is typically the bottleneck on the thermal side, with the possible occurrence of high temperatures. Among the various solutions, using a cooling pipe with circulating water would improve the thermal conditions [81]. In this case, the thermal model becomes more elaborated, to include the effects of the solutions for cooling the cable.…”

Section: Non-buried Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Assessment of Power Cables and Impacts on Cable Current Rating: An Overview

2020

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The conceptual assessment of the rating conditions of power cables was addressed over one century ago, with theories based on the physical and heat transfer properties of the power cable installed in a given medium. During the years, the evolution of the computational methods and technologies has made more powerful means for executing the calculations available. More detailed configurations have been analysed, also moving from the steady-state to dynamic rating assessment. The research is in progress, with recent advances obtained on both advanced models, extensive calculations from 2D and 3D finite element methods, simplified approaches aimed at reducing the computational burden, and dedicated solutions for specific types of cables and applications. This paper provides a general overview that links the fundamental concepts of heat transfer for the calculation of cable rating to the advanced solutions that have emerged in the last years.

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Section: Non-buried Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Assessment of Power Cables and Impacts on Cable Current Rating: An Overview

2020

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“…Currently, the research on the overtemperature state of HVDC converter valves is insufficient. Berg et al [8] and Zhou et al [9] simulated thermodynamic models of two specific types of converter valves by using 3D simulation and numerical calculation methods so as to obtain a novel valve layout for better heat dissipation efficiency, but converter valves of other types need to be re-simulated before analysis, which is not universally applicable. Liu et al [10] studied the structure of an internal reactor and other components of a converter valve and proposed a method for reducing the heat generated during the operation of a converter valve by reducing the valve's power loss, but this method is still incapable of improving the perception of operation and maintenance personnel of the overtemperature of converter valves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TransFNN: A Novel Overtemperature Prediction Method for HVDC Converter Valves Based on an Improved Transformer and the F-NN Algorithm

Zhou

Qin

Sun

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Appropriate cooling of the converter valve in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is highly significant for the safety, stability, and economical operation of a power grid. The proper adjustment of cooling measures is based on the accurate perception of the valve’s future overtemperature state, which is characterized by the valve’s cooling water temperature. However, very few previous studies have focused on this need, and the existing Transformer model, which excels in time-series predictions, cannot be directly applied to forecast the valve overtemperature state. In this study, we modified the Transformer and present a hybrid Transformer–FCM–NN (TransFNN) model to predict the future overtemperature state of the converter valve. The TransFNN model decouples the forecast process into two stages: (i) The modified Transformer is used to obtain the future values of the independent parameters; (ii) the relation between the valve cooling water temperature and the six independent operating parameters is fit, and the output of the Transformer is used to calculate the future values of the cooling water temperature. The results of the quantitative experiments showed that the proposed TransFNN model outperformed other models with which it was compared; with TransFNN being applied to predict the overtemperature state of the converter valves, the forecast accuracy was 91.81%, which was improved by 6.85% compared with that of the original Transformer model. Our work provides a novel approach to predicting the valve overtemperature state and acts as a data-driven tool for operation and maintenance personnel to use to adjust valve cooling measures punctually, effectively, and economically.

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A recent review on ventilation and cooling of underground high-voltage cable tunnels

Elsaid,

Zahran,

Abdel Moneim

et al. 2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The rapid progression in the current economic cities and the push for societal advancement are driving the development of tall, slim structures that require underground utility tunnels. These tunnels, known as underground services tunnels, are built beneath urban areas and house a variety of main pipelines for gas, heating, and electricity. They serve as underground walkways, high-voltage lines, drainage systems, and water supply networks. The construction of these underground tunnels is essential for facilitating the future growth of buildings and infrastructure without disrupting the streets where utilities were traditionally located in older city layouts. The increase of the quantity of deeply buried extra-long tunnels has increased quickly, leading to geothermal hazards emerging as a significant issue in engineering projects. This research has studied many approaches for ventilation or cooling of underground cable tunnels. Approximately 90% of the utilized techniques consisted of air ventilation, encompassing mechanical, natural, or a combination of both approaches. It is important to consider that this particular method is more commonly employed in regions with higher weather conditions similar to Egypt. Nonetheless, this approach efficiently sustains satisfactory indoor temperatures surrounding cables, guaranteeing that they stay below 40 °C. Nevertheless, in the particular climate region of Egypt, where outdoor temperatures can soar more to 40 °C, it became crucial to subject the air to cooling before it is supplied into the tunnel. The impact of the mist (FOG) system on tunnel cooling was also examined. However, it has been discovered that the humidity levels in tunnels rise excessively, despite the high initial cost involved, particularly in lengthy tunnels. Consequently, it is not regarded as a viable method for cooling cables. Its sole application lies in serving as a fire suppression system for cable tunnels. Approximately 10% of the conducted research employed water cooling, which involved circulating cold water through pipes located next to the cables in rows. As a result of convection heat transfer, the air surrounding the cables in the tunnel is effectively cooled. It was found from this study that mechanical air cooling (ventilation) is the most efficient way of dealing with heat dissipated from cables by convection inside tunnels.

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Temperature field simulation and ampacity optimisation of 500 kV HVDC cable

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Thermal Assessment of Power Cables and Impacts on Cable Current Rating: An Overview

Thermal Assessment of Power Cables and Impacts on Cable Current Rating: An Overview

TransFNN: A Novel Overtemperature Prediction Method for HVDC Converter Valves Based on an Improved Transformer and the F-NN Algorithm

A recent review on ventilation and cooling of underground high-voltage cable tunnels

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