Temperature gradients in the nasal passage of some small mammals

Schmid, William D.

doi:10.1016/s0300-9629(76)80116-8

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…T exp was varied in steps of 0.01°C from 5°C less than T a up to T b (e.g. Jackson and Schmidt-Nielsen, 1964;Schmidt-Nielsen et al, 1970;Collins et al, 1971;Schmid, 1976;Hill, 1978), T skin in steps of 0.01°C from T a to T b (e.g. Bartholomew, 1956;Edwards and Haines, 1978;Webster and Campbell, 1985;Dausmann, 2005) and R skin in steps of 1scm -1 from 100 to 1000scm -1 (e.g.…”

Section: Partitioning Of Evaporative Water Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporative water loss, relative water economy and evaporative partitioning of a heterothermic marsupial, the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides)

Withers

Cooper

Nespolo

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYWe examine here evaporative water loss, economy and partitioning at ambient temperatures from 14 to 33°C for the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides), a microbiotheriid marsupial found only in temperate rainforests of Chile. The monitoʼs standard evaporative water loss (2.58mgg -1 h -1 at 30°C) was typical for a marsupial of its body mass and phylogenetic position. Evaporative water loss was independent of air temperature below thermoneutrality, but enhanced evaporative water loss and hyperthermia were the primary thermal responses above the thermoneutral zone. Non-invasive partitioning of total evaporative water loss indicated that respiratory loss accounted for 59-77% of the total, with no change in respiratory loss with ambient temperature, but a small change in cutaneous loss below thermoneutrality and an increase in cutaneous loss in and above thermoneutrality. Relative water economy (metabolic water production/evaporative water loss) increased at low ambient temperatures, with a point of relative water economy of 15.4°C. Thermolability had little effect on relative water economy, but conferred substantial energy savings at low ambient temperatures. Torpor reduced total evaporative water loss to as little as 21% of normothermic values, but relative water economy during torpor was poor even at low ambient temperatures because of the relatively greater reduction in metabolic water production than in evaporative water loss. The poor water economy of the monito during torpor suggests that negative water balance may explain why hibernators periodically arouse to normothermia, to obtain water by drinking or via an improved water economy.

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Section: Partitioning Of Evaporative Water Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporative water loss, relative water economy and evaporative partitioning of a heterothermic marsupial, the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides)

Withers

Cooper

Nespolo

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In this configuration, I t is represented by a current source, and the heating and cooling process is described by a dependent current source and equivalent thermal resistance and capacitance. If it is assumed that the air cools prior to exiting the nose of small laboratory animals (Schmid, 1976) or nearly instantaneously in the plethysmograph chamber, Eq. (13) reduces to…”

Section: Effects Of Heating Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining When Enhanced Pause (Penh) is Sensitive to Changes in Specific Airway Resistance

Frazer

Reynolds

Jackson

2011

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Penh is a dimensionless index normally used to evaluate changes in the shape of the airflow pattern entering and leaving a whole-body flow plethysmograph as an animal breathes. The index is sensitive to changes in the distribution of area under the waveform during exhalation and increases in a nonlinear fashion as the normalized area increases near the beginning of the curve. Enhanced pause (Penh) has been used to evaluate changes in pulmonary function and as a method to evaluate airway reactivity. However, the use of Penh to assess pulmonary function has been challenged (Bates et al., 2004; Lundblad et al., 2002; Mitzner et al., 2003; Mitzner & Tankersley, 1998; Petak et al., 2001; Sly et al., 2005). The objective of this study was to show how Penh of the thorax and plethysmograph flow patterns are related. That relationship is used to describe the conditions under which whole-body plethysmograph Penh measurements can be used to detect changes in sRaw.

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“…Similarly, the circadian system, as a photosensitive neural network, has parallel accommodations to bright light, such that the circadian period (endogenous duration of near 24 h rhythms) continues to lengthen with increases in light intensity beyond 580 lux . The degu has also developed some adaptations related to heat tolerance that facilitate its day-active existence, including behavioural flexibility (Kenagy et al 2002b), and the ability to prevent water loss by small, complex nares (Schmid 1976) and highly efficient kidneys (Cortes et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian organization of the diurnal Caviomorph rodent,Octodon degus

Hagenauer

Lee

2008

Biological Rhythm Research

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The Octodon degus, or degu, is an excellent animal model for studying the theoretical and neural underpinnings of diurnality. The power of this model comes from their unique evolutionary lineage, long lives, and relative ease of care in the laboratory for a non-domesticated species. We have summarized the field and laboratory data indicating the critical variables that influence the degus' phase preference and the possible mechanisms for the phase flexibility observed in the field and laboratory. We also review studies examining the physiology and anatomy of light and non-photic inputs to the degu circadian system and studies of the circadian pacemaker itself, with particular emphasis placed on characteristics that appear to be convergent adaptations to a diurnal niche. Finally, we begin to seek the origin for the diurnally-phased activity output of the degu, although we conclude that significant work remains to be done.

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Temperature gradients in the nasal passage of some small mammals

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Evaporative water loss, relative water economy and evaporative partitioning of a heterothermic marsupial, the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides)

Evaporative water loss, relative water economy and evaporative partitioning of a heterothermic marsupial, the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides)

Determining When Enhanced Pause (Penh) is Sensitive to Changes in Specific Airway Resistance

Circadian organization of the diurnal Caviomorph rodent,Octodon degus

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