Temperature independence of carbon dioxide supersaturation in global lakes

Sobek, Sebastian; Tranvik, Lars J.; Cole, Jonathan J.

doi:10.1029/2004gb002264

Cited by 366 publications

(410 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…SE bars of four replicates shown experiment was approximately 30 times atmospheric pCO 2 (*18,250 latm). While this is high, it is well within the range of pCO 2 values for lakes worldwide (17-65,250 latm) (Sobek et al 2005). Over the duration of the experiment, warm mesocosms maintained significantly higher pCO 2 than ambient mesocosms; by the end of the fifth week of the experiment, pCO 2 in warm mesocosms was approximately nine times the pCO 2 of ambient mesocosms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Current expectations for how the CO 2 saturation of lakes and ponds will change with warming have revolved primarily around understanding how inputs of organic matter will be altered under a warmed climate due to either direct effects of warming or changes in precipitation patterns (Dillon and Molot 2005;Evans et al 2005;Moore et al 1998;Sobek et al 2005). However, within lakes and ponds, if temperature is currently a limiting process, warming will accelerate multiple biological processes that either absorb or release CO 2 and any non-uniformity either spatially or temporally in the acceleration of CO 2 uptake and release rates will change CO 2 saturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental warming increases CO2 saturation in a shallow prairie pond

Flanagan¹,

McCauley

2010

Aquat Ecol

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There is an urgent need to understand the effect of climate warming on the carbon dynamics of lakes and ponds in order to assess contributions to global carbon budgets. Currently, we are unable to predict how the exchange of carbon gases (i.e. CO 2 ) across the air-water boundary and organic carbon storage in the sediments will be altered with realistic warming scenarios downscaled from climatic models. Given the prevalence of shallow systems and tight atmospheric coupling, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to test the impacts of warming on CO 2 saturation in a shallow prairie pond. We outline and test three possible scenarios for the effect of warming on the CO 2 saturation of ponds, resulting in either an increase, decrease or no net effect for CO 2 saturation. We show that with approximately a two-degree (8C) increase in average water temperature, the pCO 2 of the warmed mesocosms was nine times greater than the ambient temperature mesocosms by the end of the 5-week experiment. Changes in water colour (a measure of dissolved organic carbon) in warmed systems indicate that decomposition of organic matter in the sediments and water column was the main contributor to the increase in pCO 2 in the warmed mesocosms. Our results show that with warming, the release of CO 2 from shallow ponds to the atmosphere will increase and carbon storage in the sediments will decrease, altering the current functioning of shallow prairie ponds and influencing the contribution of ponds to the global carbon cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental warming increases CO2 saturation in a shallow prairie pond

Flanagan¹,

McCauley

2010

Aquat Ecol

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“…Lakes are large aquatic ecosystems that have been seen as net heterotrophic systems, acting as large sources of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere (Cole et al, 1994;Sobek et al, 2005;Marotta et al, 2009). However, previous studies focused on the balance among processes that produce and consume CO 2 in the water column (i.e., planctonic respiration and photosynthesis) and neglected littoral zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among such aquatic systems, lakes have been extensively considered as great CO 2 sources to the atmosphere. Such recognition emerged from a series of surveys based on carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO 2 ) over water surfaces, encompassing a large number of systems worldwide (Cole et al 1994;Sobek et al 2005;Marotta et al 2009). The net CO 2 flux from these lake surfaces into the atmosphere depict that the water column in these ecosystems are CO 2 supersaturated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role played by aquatic macrophytes regarding CO2 balance in a tropical coastal lagoon (Cabiúnas Lagoon, Macaé, RJ)

Gripp¹,

Marinho²,

Sanches³

et al. 2013

Acta Limnol. Bras.

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The role played by aquatic macrophytes regarding CO 2 balance in a tropical coastal lagoon (Cabiúnas Lagoon, Macaé, RJ)O papel desempenhado pelas macrófitas aquáticas em relação ao balanço de CO 2 em uma lagoa costeira tropical (Lagoa Cabiúnas, Macaé, RJ) 2 ) is an important atmospheric trace gas that is involved in both the biological carbon cycle and global warming. Inland waters -mainly lakes -contribute to C cycling and have been considered a large source of atmospheric CO 2 . However, scientific studies usually neglect lake morphometry and the presence of aquatic macrophytes in littoral zones, which have a great potential for CO 2 absorption and for C storage. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of the littoral region on the CO 2 balance in the Cabiúnas Lagoon, while also considering the contribution of the limnetic region and of Typha domingensis and Eichhornia azurea, prominent species in the area. Methods: CO 2 flux was estimated by a linear integration of CO 2 concentrations measured in the internal atmospheric of a single-component static closed chambers at the studied sites. The distribution of macrophyte stands throughout lagoon surface was taken into account to evaluate the effects of macrophytes on CO 2 supersaturation. Other factors were also measured throughout the sampling process to evaluate their relationship with CO 2 flux data by means of Akaike model selection criterion. The area covered by aquatic macrophytes at the Cabiúnas lagoon was estimated by profiles and transects. Results and discussion: CO 2 flux through the water surface ranged from -7.39 to 17.56 mgCO2m -2 h -1 . An emission pattern predominated, suggesting that water columns are CO 2 supersaturated at all sampling sites. Rates were similar among all the sampling sites, suggesting that aquatic macrophytes do not influence CO 2 saturation in the water column at Cabiúnas lagoon. On the other hand, CO 2 fluxes from macrophyte tissues showed a clear assimilation pattern. Influxes were higher in T. domingensis (-229.1 ± 320.9 mg CO2.m -2 .h -1 ) than in E. azurea stands (-43.8 ± 39.5 mg CO2.m -2 .h -1 ). Once these macrophytes covered a considerable area of the lagoon and CO 2 absorption strongly overwhelmed the emission processes, then we were able to extrapolate data from the total estimated area of the evaluated sites (75% of the Cabiúnas lagoon), which resulted in a net influx of 46.6 mg CO2.m -2 .h -1 . The strong Typha domingensis contribution to CO 2 absorption and other C cycling processes indicate that it is one of the most important species to Carbon cycling in the studied ecosystem. Thus, it is worth considering C cycling in lake littoral zones as a key process when estimating C balance in shallow aquatic ecosystems.

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“…Lakes have tended to be ignored in regional C-models (Chapin et al, 2000) despite clear evidence that they can be net sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere (Kling et al, 1991(Kling et al, , 1992Sobek et al, 2005;Cole et al, 2007) Moreover, although plant biomass may increase with higher air temperatures and nutrient levels associated with microbial activity, there is growing evidence for soil C loss due to increased mineralization of soil C by bacterial activity at the same time as the landscape 'greens' (Mack et al, 2004). As the soil C pool declines with accelerated global warming and greater mineralization of soil C, the importance of the lake sediment component, which is essentially permanent may increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene carbon burial by lakes in SW Greenland

Anderson

D'Andrea

Fritz

2009

Global Change Biology

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The role of the Arctic in future global change processes is predicted to be important because of the large carbon (C) stocks contained in frozen soils and peatlands. Lakes are an important component of arctic landscapes although their role in storing C is not well prescribed. The area around Kangerlussuaq, SW Greenland (66–68°N, 49–54°W) has extremely high lake density, with ∼20 000 lakes that cover about 14% of the land area. C accumulation rates and standing stock (kg C m−2), representing late‐ to mid‐Holocene C burial, were calculated from AMS 14C‐dated sediment cores from 11 lakes. Lake ages range from ∼10 000 cal yr bp to ∼5400 cal yr bp, and reflect the withdrawal of the ice sheet from west to east. Total standing stock of C accumulated in the studied lakes for the last ∼8000 years ranged from 28 to 71 kg C m−2, (mean: ∼42 kg C m−2). These standing stock determinations yield organic C accumulation rates of 3.5–11.5 g C m−2 yr−1 (mean: ∼6 g C m−2 yr−1) for the last 4500 years. Mean C accumulation rates are not different for the periods 8–4.5 and 4.5–0 ka, despite cooling trends associated with the neoglacial period after 4.5 ka. We used the mean C standing stock to estimate the total C pool in small lakes (<100 ha) of the Kangerlussuaq region to be ∼4.9 × 1013 g C. This C stock is about half of that estimated for the soil pool in this region (but in 5% of the land area) and indicates the importance of incorporating lakes into models of regional C balance at high latitudes.

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Temperature independence of carbon dioxide supersaturation in global lakes

Cited by 366 publications

References 70 publications

Experimental warming increases CO2 saturation in a shallow prairie pond

Experimental warming increases CO2 saturation in a shallow prairie pond

The role played by aquatic macrophytes regarding CO2 balance in a tropical coastal lagoon (Cabiúnas Lagoon, Macaé, RJ)

Holocene carbon burial by lakes in SW Greenland

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