“…Temperature sensors have received extensive attention due to their wide application in chemistry, electromagnetism, and biomedicine, , while noninvasive optical thermometry sensors based on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of lanthanide rare earth ions have aroused wide anticipation by virtue of their nondestructiveness, prompt response, and multienvironment adaptiveness, which can accommodate diverse demands of remote, nondestructive, and microsize testing. − In particular, Er 3+ ions serving in noncontact optical thermometry have attracted intense interest, as Er 3+ ions possess a thermally coupled level ( 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 ) of appropriate energy separation, − and the introduction of Yb 3+ ions as a sensitizer enhances the intensity of temperature-dependent upconversion luminescence (UCL) emission at the excitation of a near-infrared laser. − Moreover, the utilization of UCL for thermal feedback is an ideal way to realize noninvasive temperature measurement and avoid fluorescent interference from organisms in downconversion methods. − Therefore, UCL for temperature sensing has attracted the researchers’ interest.…”