Temperature‐induced evolution of micro‐morphology of polyaniline prepared by gradually adding oxidants: Experiments and mechanism

This research work deals with the synthesis and characterization of polyindole (PIN)/zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocomposite. In situ polymerization of indole with different contents of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles has been employed in the work. Structural, morphological, thermal, gas sensing and electrical properties of the prepared composites have been evaluated. The shifting of peaks in the Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectrum has been found to reveal the interaction of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with the PIN matrix. Crystalline nature of the nanocomposites resulting from the presence of crystalline ZnFe2O4 has been revealed by X‐ray diffraction studies (XRD). Scanning electron microscope and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles at lower loading while at 15 wt% there are particle agglomerations. Improved thermal stability with the addition of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles in PIN has been confirmed by thermogravimetry while the enhancement in glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite with respect to pure polymer has been confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of nanoparticles greatly enhanced the alternating current and direct current conductivity, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of PIN. The composite with 7 wt% shows the maximum properties. The fabricated composites showed excellent sensitivity and fast response to ammonia gas at room temperature. Thus the study reveals that the PIN/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites can be considered as a potential candidate for the applications in sensors and nanoelectronic devices. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2802–2811, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc ferrite @ polyindole nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and gas sensing applications

Anjitha

Anilkumar

Mathew³

et al. 2018

“…The electrical conductivity of PANI can be varied by the protonation in acid aqueous solution and by controlling the pH of the reaction. Recently, one‐dimensional (1D) PANI nanofibers are attractive to researchers and scientists worldwide, partially because of their exceptional physical, mechanical and chemical properties . PANI‐based hybrids like blends or nanocomposites are being studied extensively because of their exclusive combination of electrical, thermal, mechanical properties and well‐known advantages .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid PANI/MWCNT nanocomposites for EMI applications

Kumar

et al. 2017

The present study reports on a simple and very efficient solution mixing method for the preparation of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposites (f‐MWCNT/PANI) for electromagnetic interference (EMI) application. The synthesized composites have been characterized by different physiochemical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. The electron microscopy analysis of nanocomposites reveals the good dispersion and agglomeration of CNT in PANI matrix at higher concentration. X‐ray study shows the higher crystallinity of PANI with the addition of f‐MWCNT. FTIR spectroscopy has confirmed the interactions of the carbonyl group of f‐MWCNT with the quinoid ring of PANI. The resulting f‐MWCNT/PANI nanocomposites (0 to 21 vol% CNT) shows higher electrical conductivity than that of pure PANI due to the formation of conducting path between CNT and PANI matrix. The increased electrical conductivity of nanocomposites also improved the estimated EMI shielding. The percolation threshold was found to occurs at 0.1 vol% of f‐MWCNT, where the DC electrical conductivity started to increase abruptly. The one‐order increment in electrical conductivity was observed which is 12 times more than that of pure PANI. The DC electrical conductivity of nanocomposite at 3.3 vol% and 13.9 vol% of f‐MWCNT was 1.6 × 10−1 S/cm and 1.8 × 10−1 S/cm, respectively. In addition, the estimated EMI shielding of nanocomposites at 3.3 vol% of f‐MWCNT and beyond it was found to be 12dB. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:3858–3868, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

“…Nanostructured composites, most preferably polymer with metal oxide nanoparticles got considerable remarks in research and industrial fields attributable to their unique properties . These hybrid composites can exhibit the properties of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle in addition to the usual properties of the polymer matrix and so they represent a new class of materials offering numerous applications in various fields .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ceria nanoparticles on mechanical properties, thermal and dielectric properties of poly (butyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

Suhailath

Ramesan

2020

Poly (butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) reinforced with various contents of ceria (CeO2) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple in situ polymerization method and their mechanical properties, thermal transitions, and electrical properties were studied in detail. The incorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles in the PBMA matrix was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The increase in absorption intensity of UV‐Visible spectra by the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles shows the better dispersion of nanoparticles in the PBMA chain. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns further revealed the semi‐crystalline behavior of the PBMA by the addition of nanoparticles. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature of PBMA was significantly enhanced in presence of CeO2 particles. The higher thermal stability of polymer nanocomposites than that of pure PBMA was revealed from the TG analysis. The dielectric properties and AC conductivity of nanocomposites were higher than PBMA, and these electrical properties increased with the loading of ceria nanoparticles. The improvement in tensile strength and the decrease in elongation at break of composites than pure PBMA indicated the better reinforcement of ceria nanoparticles in PBMA matrix. The mechanism of increase in tensile strength of a composite by the incorporation of nanoparticles was studied by different theoretical modeling. In general, compared with pure PBMA, the polymer nanocomposite exhibited superior dielectric constant, thermal and mechanical properties, which enables their use in the fabrication of high energy storage nanoelectronic devices.