Temperature influences the population structure of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge

Alawi, Mashal; Off, Sandra; Kaya, Mehmet; Spieck, Eva

doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00029.x

Cited by 114 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The preferred incubation temperature of 17°C, in contrast to the higher preferred incubation temperatures of the other cultures (28 to 37°C), shows why Nitrotoga is apparently widely distributed in cold-affected environments (24,26), in particular, in pristine soils (69) or freshwater systems (25). Nevertheless, Nitrotoga is not restricted to nutrient-limiting habitats, since it is also abundant in sewage (27,29). Nitrotoga overgrew Nitrospira and Nitrobacter during long-term cultivation at 5 and 10°C, respec- tively (27,70), but extended competition experiments with Nitrotoga and the other genera of NOB are missing so far and will be a subject for the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, Nitrotoga is not restricted to nutrient-limiting habitats, since it is also abundant in sewage (27,29). Nitrotoga overgrew Nitrospira and Nitrobacter during long-term cultivation at 5 and 10°C, respec- tively (27,70), but extended competition experiments with Nitrotoga and the other genera of NOB are missing so far and will be a subject for the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An open question is the relevance of the new candidate genus Nitrotoga (24) for the treatment of wastewaters. These NOB were detected primarily in soils (24) but also occur in cave biofilm (25), freshwater (26), and activated sludge (27)(28)(29).Here we present a broad comparison of directly measured oxidation kinetics of nonmarine NOB by microsensor measurements. In addition to Nitrobacter, the study includes pure cultures of lineage I and II Nitrospira from freshwater and activated sludge and the first analysis of a highly enriched Nitrotoga culture from permafrost soil.…”

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Comparison of Oxidation Kinetics of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria: Nitrite Availability as a Key Factor in Niche Differentiation

Nowka

Daims

Spieck

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

292

208

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Nitrification has an immense impact on nitrogen cycling in natural ecosystems and in wastewater treatment plants. Mathematical models function as tools to capture the complexity of these biological systems, but kinetic parameters especially of nitriteoxidizing bacteria (NOB) are lacking because of a limited number of pure cultures until recently. In this study, we compared the nitrite oxidation kinetics of six pure cultures and one enrichment culture representing three genera of NOB (Nitrobacter, Nitrospira, Nitrotoga). With half-saturation constants (K m ) between 9 and 27 M nitrite, Nitrospira bacteria are adapted to live under significant substrate limitation. Nitrobacter showed a wide range of lower substrate affinities, with K m values between 49 and 544 M nitrite. However, the advantage of Nitrobacter emerged under excess nitrite supply, sustaining high maximum specific activities (V max ) of 64 to 164 mol nitrite/mg protein/h, contrary to the lower activities of Nitrospira of 18 to 48 mol nitrite/mg protein/h. The V max (26 mol nitrite/mg protein/h) and K m (58 M nitrite) of "Candidatus Nitrotoga arctica" measured at a low temperature of 17°C suggest that Nitrotoga can advantageously compete with other NOB, especially in cold habitats. The kinetic parameters determined represent improved basis values for nitrifying models and will support predictions of community structure and nitrification rates in natural and engineered ecosystems.A erobic nitrite oxidation is the second microbially mediated part of nitrification, a key process in the global nitrogen cycle, catalyzed by autotrophic, slow-growing nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Under nitrifying conditions, the growth of NOB is directly linked to the nitrite production rate and the kinetics of nitrite oxidation (1). Nitrification occurs in almost every aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem, in natural as well as in artificial environments like wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The intermediate nitrite hardly accumulates, but local or temporary peaks might appear especially when conditions suddenly change or adverse conditions like alkaline pH values impair NOB activity (2). In WWTPs, disturbances can cause nitrite peaks after destabilization of the NOB guild (3). In soils, nitrite concentrations can vary from ϳ0.01 to ϳ100 g of nitrogen g of soil Ϫ1 , with the highest values measured in fertilized samples (4). Therefore, the concentration of nitrite as the substrate of NOB varies and is regarded as one major factor providing niche differentiation (5). In the ecological context, field studies are important to characterize nitrifying communities with specific activities and affinities for nitrite, but for a better understanding of wastewater treatment processes, mathematical models are required (6). Such models include ecophysiological kinetic data, which are known primarily for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (7). They provide the substrate nitrite for the second major step of nitrification. However, the development of two-step nitrification models also ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Oxidation Kinetics of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria: Nitrite Availability as a Key Factor in Niche Differentiation

Nowka

Daims

Spieck

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

292

208

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“…In biofilters of most aquaculture systems (marine and freshwater), Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were identified as the main ammonia and nitrite oxidizers, respectively (1)(2)(3)(4), but members of the genera Nitrobacter and Nitrotoga are also potential candidates for nitrite removal (5,6). Cold-adapted Nitrotoga spp.…”

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Relative Abundance of Nitrotoga spp. in a Biofilter of a Cold-Freshwater Aquaculture Plant Appears To Be Stimulated by Slightly Acidic pH

Hüpeden

Wegen

Off

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The functioning of recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) is essential to maintain water quality for fish health, and one crucial process here is nitrification. The investigated RAS was connected to a rainbow trout production system and operated at an average temperature of 13°C and pH 6.8. Community analyses of the nitrifying biofilm revealed a coexistence of Nitrospira and Nitrotoga, and it is hypothesized that a slightly acidic pH in combination with lower temperatures favors the growth of the latter. Modification of the standard cultivation approach toward lower pH values of 5.7 to 6.0 resulted in the successful enrichment (99% purity) of Nitrotoga sp. strain HW29, which had a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of 99.0% to Nitrotoga arctica. Reference cultures of Nitrospira defluvii and the novel Nitrotoga sp. HW29 were used to confirm differentiation of these nitrite oxidizers in distinct ecological niches. Nitrotoga sp. HW29 revealed pH and temperature optima of 6.8 and 22°C, respectively, whereas Nitrospira defluvii displayed the highest nitrite oxidation rate at pH 7.3 and 32°C. We report here the occurrence of Nitrotoga as one of the main nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater aquaculture systems and indicate that a slightly acidic pH, in addition to temperatures below 20°C, can be applied as a selective isolation criterion for this microorganism. Nitrogen is one of the most important elements of life and nitrification is a key process in the global N cycle, since the biological conversion of ammonia to nitrate is required wherever organic matter accumulates. This oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite is catalyzed by chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The biotechnological application of nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) has gained increasing attention for the production of aquatic organisms, since it allows an efficient and ecological way of fish breeding. To remove toxic ammonia released by fish gills or mineralization of feces and feed offcut, biological filtration is required. Nitrification is promoted on the surfaces of carrier elements in well-aerated moving-bed reactors. The carrier elements (plastic beads) are colonized by nitrifying bacteria, which form a dense biofilm together with heterotrophic bacteria.In biofilters of most aquaculture systems (marine and freshwater), Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were identified as the main ammonia and nitrite oxidizers, respectively (1-4), but members of the genera Nitrobacter and Nitrotoga are also potential candidates for nitrite removal (5, 6). Cold-adapted Nitrotoga spp. were initially found in permafrost-affected soils in Siberia (7), and the preference for low temperatures was confirmed by the detection of Nitrotoga-like 16S rRNA gene sequences in other cold soils such as recently deglaciated soils (8) or periglacial soils (9). Nitrotoga was also abundant in oligotrophic aquatic environments such as the Movile cave (10), a neutral groundwater seep (11) ...

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Cold temperature decreases bacterial species richness in nitrogen‐removing bioreactors treating inorganic mine waters

Karkman

Mattila²,

Tamminen

et al. 2011

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Explosives used in mining, such as ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), can cause eutrophication of the surrounding environment by leakage of ammonium and nitrate from undetonated material that is not properly treated. Cold temperatures in mines affect nitrogen removal from water when such nutrients are treated with bioreactors in situ. In this study we identified bacteria in the bioreactors and studied the effect of temperature on the bacterial community. The bioreactors consisted of sequential nitrification and denitrification units running at either 5 or 10°C. One nitrification bioreactor running at 5°C was fed with salt spiked water. From the nitrification bioreactors, sequences from both ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were identified, but the species were distinct at different temperatures. The main nitrifiers in the lower temperature were closely related to the genera Nitrosospira and Candidatus Nitrotoga. 16S rRNA gene sequences closely related to halotolerant Nitrosomonas eutropha were found only from the salt spiked nitrification bioreactor. At 10°C the genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the abundant nitrifiers. The results showed that bacterial species richness estimates were low, <150 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), in all bioreactor clone libraries, when sequences were assigned to operational taxonomic units at an evolutionary distance of 0.03. The only exception was the nitrification bioreactor running at 10°C where species richness was higher, >300 OTUs. Species richness was lower in bioreactors running at 5°C compared to those operating at 10°C.

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Temperature influences the population structure of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge

Cited by 114 publications

References 40 publications

Comparison of Oxidation Kinetics of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria: Nitrite Availability as a Key Factor in Niche Differentiation

Comparison of Oxidation Kinetics of Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria: Nitrite Availability as a Key Factor in Niche Differentiation

Relative Abundance of Nitrotoga spp. in a Biofilter of a Cold-Freshwater Aquaculture Plant Appears To Be Stimulated by Slightly Acidic pH

Cold temperature decreases bacterial species richness in nitrogen‐removing bioreactors treating inorganic mine waters

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