Temperature measurements during friction stir welding

Silva, A. C. F.; Backer, Jeroen De; Bolmsjö, Gunnar

doi:10.1007/s00170-016-9007-4

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Studies have indicated a direct link between weld temperature and mechanical behaviour of a friction stir weld joint. Microstructural evolution, defects, corrosion, wear and mechanical properties are all direct consequences of temperature distributions during welding and are often determined by processing parameters employed during the welding [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Microstructural changes during FSW has been reported by various researchers [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool rotational speed impact on temperature variations, mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding of dissimilar high-strength aluminium alloys

Abolusoro

Akinlabi

Kailas

2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Temperature variations during friction stir welding result from the heat generated by the frictional action of a rotating tool on the workpiece. This temperature distribution affects the mechanical behaviour and ultimately the quality of welds produced. The study of the correlations between process parameter, temperature, mechanical properties and microstructure has become imperative in order to promote welds devoid of defects and possessing sound mechanical properties and to establish a temperature feedback control for effective components designs for industrial applications. This work studied the impact of tool rotational speed on temperature profile, mechanical behaviour and microstructure of friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminium alloy 6101-T6 and 7075-T651. Processing parameters of three different rotational speeds with values 1250 rpm, 1550 rpm and 1850 rpm and a constant travel speed of 50 mm/min were employed. The temperature profile was measured with one end of thermocouple wires embedded in the plates and the other end connected to a data capturing software device. The temperature profile indicates that the temperature rises with time and is higher at the retreating sides than at the advancing side of the weld. The tensile test results show that the ultimate tensile strength decreases as the temperature increases. Microstructural observations of weld zone revealed non-uniformity in material flow. However, more material penetration into each other occurred more at 1550 rpm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tool rotational speed impact on temperature variations, mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding of dissimilar high-strength aluminium alloys

Abolusoro

Akinlabi

Kailas

2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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“…Thus, high demands on the design of the measuring device and the permanent transmission of the electrical voltage are necessary [2]. The measurement of the joining zone temperature during the process is an increasingly quantifiable indicator, as it allows conclusions to be drawn about the heat input and thus the thermomechanical stress on the microstructure [2][3][4]. Temperatures are currently measured by thermography or thermocouples, which are integrated into the welding tool [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the latter method is very costly and inaccurate, as the thermocouple does not contact the friction point between the shoulder of the tool and the workpiece. In addition, various publications have described that the thermocouples were either destroyed or changed in their position during the welding process so that an exact temperature measurement was not possible [3]. Measurement deviations and time delays can occur due to heat conduction in the tool or the heat transfer to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Temperature Measurement During the Friction Stir Welding Process

Augustin¹,

Fröhlich²,

Krapf³

et al. 2020

MEM

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The exact determination of the process zone temperature can be considered as an increasingly important role in the control and monitoring of the friction stir welding process (FSW). At present, temperature measurement is carried out with the aid of a temperature sensor integrated into the tool (usually thermocouples). Since these cannot be attached directly to the joining area, heat dissipation within the tool and to the environment cause measurement deviations as well as a time delay in the temperature measurement. The article describes a process and the challenges that arise in this process, how a direct temperature measurement during the process can be achieved by exploiting the thermoelectric effect between tool and workpiece, without changing the tool by introducing additional temperature sensors.

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“…Fine grains are constructed behind the tool due to dynamic recrystallization. Advancing motion of the tool generates transverse loads parallel to the direction of linear motion; in addition, normal exerted force is the force required for the shoulder of tool to remain in contact with the weld piece [6][7][8]. [9] Many researchers have investigated the FSW of AA6061-T651.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation to limit the effecting of friction stir welding factors on the strength of AA6061-T651

Asadi¹

2019

PEN

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Properties like light weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and good corrosion resistance make aluminium alloys widely accepted in automotive industry. The low melting point of these alloys makes welding by traditional methods difficult due to the imperfections associated with fusion processes. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding method invented in 1991 at the welding institute (TWI) in the UK; melting and recasting do not occur when using this process. But joints from AA6061-T651 aluminium alloy have been friction stir welded with different welding parameters like tool rotational speed and tool welding speed with constant tool dimension. The effects of rotational and welding speeds on the tensile strength, microhardness distribution and microstructure of the welding joints were studied. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength of the joints can be achieved when using tool with 18 mm and 5 mm shoulder and pin diameter at 710 rpm tool rotational speed and 23 mm/min. Also, we observed that microhardness is markedly affected when tool rotational speed increases.

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Temperature measurements during friction stir welding

Cited by 63 publications

References 22 publications

Tool rotational speed impact on temperature variations, mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding of dissimilar high-strength aluminium alloys

Tool rotational speed impact on temperature variations, mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding of dissimilar high-strength aluminium alloys

Challenges of Temperature Measurement During the Friction Stir Welding Process

Experimental investigation to limit the effecting of friction stir welding factors on the strength of AA6061-T651

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