Temperature optimization for improving polymer electrolyte membrane-water electrolysis system efficiency

Scheepers, Fabian; Stähler, Markus; Stähler, Andrea; Rauls, Edward; Müller, Martin; Carmo, Marcelo; Lehnert, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116270

Cited by 82 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Additionally, as the molecular mobility increases with temperature, the ion conductivity and N 2 diffusivity in electrolyte solutions can be enhanced, which potentially contributes to higher fluxes of reactants toward active sites. 166–168 The above kinetic benefits have been observed in ENRR studies that raised the cell temperature above room temperature. 57,72,74,130,169–172 However, the reaction rate for the HER is simultaneously improved in heated conditions, which can compete with the N 2 chemisorption and reduction and diminish the electrocatalytic surface with excessive bubble formation, resulting in compromised reaction selectivity.…”

Section: Cell Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Strategies in cell design and operation for the electrosynthesis of ammonia: status and prospects

Shaigan

Malek

et al. 2022

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Section: Cell Operating Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Strategies in cell design and operation for the electrosynthesis of ammonia: status and prospects

Shaigan

Malek

et al. 2022

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…Nel H2 reports that their PEM electrolyzers operate at 60 °C [ 40 ] ; our assessment shows that operation at 70 °C is also possible with minor modifications. In fact, a theoretical investigation by Scheepers et al [ 41 ] indicates that the optimal stack temperature for operation at 1.7 A cm −2 or higher current density is in the range of 75−90 °C.…”

Section: Overview Of Electrolyzer Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Solar Energy, Desalination, and Electrolysis

et al. 2022

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Solar electricity enables the advancement and deployment of technologies that are strongly influenced by clean energy availability and cost. The economics of both desalination and hydrogen production from water electrolysis are dominated by the cost of energy, and the availability of inexpensive solar energy creates markets and offers incentives to the desalination and electrolyzer industries. Herein, production of high‐purity water and hydrogen from seawater is focused on. Current electrolyzers require deionized water so they need to be coupled with desalination units. It is shown that such coupling is cost effective in hydrogen generation, and it also offers benefits to thermal desalination, which can utilize waste heat from electrolysis. Furthermore, such coupling can be optimized when electrolyzers operate at high current density, using low‐cost solar and/or wind electricity, as such operation increases both hydrogen production and heat generation. Results of technoeconomic modeling of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers define thresholds of electricity pricing, current density, and operating temperature that make clean electrolytic hydrogen cost competitive with hydrogen from steam methane reforming (SMR). By using 2020 hourly electricity pricing in California and Texas, it is estimated that hydrogen can be produced from seawater in coupled desalination−electrolyzer systems at prices near $2 kg−1 H2, reaching cost parity with hydrogen produced from SMR.

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“…An aspect which has been studied less is the effect of temperature on CO 2 reduction. Most electrochemical experiments have been performed at room temperature and ambient pressure, even though most industrial (water) electrolysers work at slightly elevated temperatures [28–32] . Some degree of heating is intrinsic to these industrial systems as they are the consequence of overpotentials and resistive losses [32,33] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most electrochemical experiments have been performed at room temperature and ambient pressure, even though most industrial (water) electrolysers work at slightly elevated temperatures. [28][29][30][31][32] Some degree of heating is intrinsic to these industrial systems as they are the consequence of overpotentials and resistive losses. [32,33] Moreover, the sources of concentrated CO 2 , for example from electricity production or steel manufacturing, often emit hot CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature on the Cation‐Promoted Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction on Gold

Vos

Koper

2022

ChemElectroChem

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Electrochemical reactions in general, and the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in particular, are commonly studied at room temperature. However, practical electrolysers may use elevated temperatures. There is currently a lack of fundamental understanding of the effect of temperature on the CO2RR. Here, we performed temperature-dependent studies on the CO2RR on a relatively simple electrode material, namely gold, to obtain insights into how temperature influences this reaction and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. A rotating ring disk electrode setup was used to show that the CO2RR activity and selectivity increased with temperature, and to obtain kinetic parameters such as the apparent activation energy and transfer coefficient. The magnitude of the temperature effect and the activation energy was affected by both the cation identity and concentration in the electrolyte. Moreover, the positive effect of temperature on the kinetics of the CO2RR was counteracted by the lower CO 2 solubility, making efficient mass transport even more important at higher temperatures.

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Temperature optimization for improving polymer electrolyte membrane-water electrolysis system efficiency

Cited by 82 publications

References 39 publications

Strategies in cell design and operation for the electrosynthesis of ammonia: status and prospects

Strategies in cell design and operation for the electrosynthesis of ammonia: status and prospects

Integrating Solar Energy, Desalination, and Electrolysis

The Effect of Temperature on the Cation‐Promoted Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction on Gold

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Temperature optimization for improving polymer electrolyte membrane-water electrolysis system efficiency

Cited by 82 publications

References 39 publications

Strategies in cell design and operation for the electrosynthesis of ammonia: status and prospects

Strategies in cell design and operation for the electrosynthesis of ammonia: status and prospects

Integrating Solar Energy, Desalination, and Electrolysis

The Effect of Temperature on the Cation‐Promoted Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Gold

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Product

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The Effect of Temperature on the Cation‐Promoted Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction on Gold