Temperature Regulation of Hot Vapor Preservation Treatment of Litchi Based on PSO-Fuzzy PID

Abstract

In this paper, a control method was designed based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)–fuzzy PID (PSO-Fuzzy PID). In order to address the issues of significant nonlinearity and extensive hysteresis in the vapor temperature of litchi hot vapor preservation treatment equipment, as well as the inadequacy of traditional control schemes, a PSO-Fuzzy PID controller was developed through the integration of particle swarm optimization and fuzzy logic algorithms. This controller incorporates a scale factor and quantization factor, building upon the foundation of the Fuzzy PID controller. Additionally, a transfer function model was established for both the heating and disturbance links, utilizing a combination of test data modeling methods and relevant theory. Thirdly, a system simulation model was built to compare and verify PID, Fuzzy PID, and PSO-Fuzzy PID control methods, which were carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. Finally, the litchi load test was conducted to further verify the control performance of the PSO-Fuzzy PID method, where the litchi variety was “Jinggang Hongnuo”. The simulation results showed that the overshoot of the optimized control system was reduced by 93.5% and 42.9% compared with the traditional PID control and Fuzzy PID, and the regulation time was shortened by 46% and 31%, which indicates a better control effect. The test results showed that PSO-Fuzzy PID showed better system stability and accuracy than the fuzzy PID control method in different processing temperature and processing time for litchi’s hot vapor treatment. The maximum temperature difference decreased by 0.56 °C on average and the interference adjustment time was reduced by 7.5 s on average. PSO-Fuzzy PID has a good control effect on the temperature of litchi hot vapor treatment, which can provide a reference for model building and temperature control of other similar fruit and vegetable heat treatment equipment.

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“…Sci. 2024, 14,4168 2 of 20 their rapid response time, wide measurement range, non-contact measurement capability, and visually intuitive results, infrared thermal imagers are extensively used in military, medical, industrial, and other fields [1,2]. Infrared thermal imagers are not only a key factor in modern military confrontations but have also gained increasing attention in civilian applications.…”

“…However, the high computational complexity of genetic algorithms might lead to insufficient real-time performance. Hao Tang et al [14] addressed the nonlinearity and hysteresis issues in lychee preservation equipment by introducing a particle swarm optimization-enhanced fuzzy PID (PSO-Fuzzy PID) control method. The results indicated that the PSO-Fuzzy PID scheme significantly reduced disturbance adjustment time and eliminated overshoot, exhibiting superior control performance, although it might fall into local optima during computation, leading to inaccurate parameter adjustments.…”