Temperature requirements for growth and survival of macroalgae from Disko Island (Greenland)

Bischoff, B.; Wiencke, Christian

doi:10.1007/bf02430357

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…During the early 1980s, characterized by relatively colder waters and more sea ice, the only dominant macroalga in the fjords was the crustose calcareous Lithothamnion sp., which thrives under low-light and low-water temperature regimes (29). In contrast, the erect boreal macroalgae that expanded in the mid-1990s (e.g., Desmarestia spp., Phycodrys rubens, Saccorhiza dermatodea) have higher light and temperature requirements (30,31). We conclude that the observed increases in SST and in the length of the ice-free season, leading to enhanced light conditions promoted reproduction and growth of erect, boreal macroalgae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos

Kortsch

Primicerio

Beuchel

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

222

183

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Climate warming can trigger abrupt ecosystem changes in the Arctic. Despite the considerable interest in characterizing and understanding the ecological impact of rapid climate warming in the Arctic, few long time series exist that allow addressing these research goals. During a 30-y period of gradually increasing seawater temperature and decreasing sea ice cover in Svalbard, we document rapid and extensive structural changes in the rocky-bottom communities of two Arctic fjords. The most striking component of the benthic reorganization was an abrupt fivefold increase in macroalgal cover in 1995 in Kongsfjord and an eightfold increase in 2000 in Smeerenburgfjord. Simultaneous changes in the abundance of benthic invertebrates suggest that the macroalgae played a key structuring role in these communities. The abrupt, substantial, and persistent nature of the changes observed is indicative of a climate-driven ecological regime shift. The ecological processes thought to drive the observed regime shifts are likely to promote the borealization of these Arctic marine communities in the coming years.climate change | community structure | ecological dynamics | ecological interactions | tipping point C limate warming has accelerated over the past 30 y, causing increases in global surface temperatures of about 0.2°C per decade (1). The greatest changes have been recorded in the Arctic, where the temperatures have risen at twice the global average rate and sea ice cover, at the end of the Arctic summer, has declined by 30% (2). These changes modify Arctic marine habitats with respect to light and temperature regimes, which, in turn, impact local biological communities (3, 4). The increasing length of the ice-free season (5), extending the period of primary production, and the increasing seawater temperature, have strong impacts on abundances and distributions of species mediated by changes in demographic and interaction parameters.

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mentioning

confidence: 71%

Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos

Kortsch

Primicerio

Beuchel

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

222

183

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“…The red alga Devaleraea ramentacea, which is distributed from the Arctic to the cold temperate North Atlantic region, grows at up to 10°C with an optimum at 0°C and exhibits an UST of 18-20°C and an LST of £-5°C. The ULG of this species is 8°C (Novaczek et al 1990;Bischoff and Wiencke 1993). Macrothalli of species with a prominent distribution in both, the Arctic and the cold-temperate region, grow at up to 15 or 20 (to 25)°C with optima between 5 and 15 (to 20)°C and exhibit USTs between 17 and 25 (to 26)°C.…”

Section: Temperature Demands and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In particular red and brown algal species from both polar regions exhibit temperature growth optima at 0-5°C or even at -2°C tom Dieck 1989, 1990;Novaczek et al 1990;Bischoff and Wiencke 1993;Bischoff-Bä smann and Wiencke 1996;Eggert and Wiencke 2000;McKamey and Amsler 2006). Some species like Georgiella confluens, Gigartina skottsbergii and Plocamium cartilagineum from the Antarctic grow only at 0°C, the lowest temperature tested, but not at 5°C (Bischoff-Bä smann and Wiencke 1996).…”

Section: Temperature Demands and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke

Clayton

Gómez

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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137

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Polar seaweeds are strongly adapted to the low temperatures of their environment, Antarctic species more strongly than Arctic species due to the longer cold water history of the Antarctic region. By reason of the strong isolation of the Southern Ocean the Antarctic marine flora is characterized by a high degree of endemism, whereas in the Arctic only few endemic species have been found so far. All polar species are strongly shade adapted and their phenology is finely tuned to the strong seasonal changes of the light conditions. The paper summarises the present knowledge of seaweeds from both polar regions with regard to the following topics: the history of seaweed research in polar regions; the environment of seaweeds in polar waters; biodiversity, biogeographical relationships and vertical distribution of Arctic and Antarctic seaweeds; life histories and physiological thallus anatomy; temperature demands and geographical distribution; light demands and depth zonation; the effect of salinity, temperature and desiccation on supraand eulittoral seaweeds; seasonality of reproduction and the physiological characteristics of C. Wiencke (&) AE U. H. Lü der

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“…Cultivation methods and determination of the upper survival temperatures were as described by Wiencke & tom Dieck (1989). For determination of growth (except for the isolates of A. arcta from Helgoland and Faroes; see below), the method of Bischoff & Wiencke (1993) was used: growth was followed over a period of 5 weeks. Fresh weight was measured weekly or fortnightly and the algal biomass was always reduced to the initial weight in order to exclude the effects of self-shading.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As earlier studies point to ecotypic variation in these species (Fortes & L/ining, 1980;Wiencke & tom Dieck, 1990;Bischoff & Wiencke, 1993), it was decided to investigate strains from numerous locations within the distribution area. The Arctic/cold-temperate amphi-Atlantic species Acrosiphonia sonderi (Ktitzing) Kornmann was also included here in order to characterise the degree of physiological divergence between different Atlantic populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature ecotypes and biogeography of Acrosiphoniales (Chlorophyta) with Arctic-Antarctic disjunct and Arctic/cold-temperature distributions

Bischoff¹,

Wiencke²

1995

European Journal of Phycology

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The temperature requirements for growth and the upper survival temperatures (USTs) of the Antarctic-Arctic disjunct green alga Acrosiphonia arcta and of the Arctic/cold-temperate A. sonderi (Acrosiphoniales) from several localities within their distribution areas were determined. Ecotypic variation with regard to growth optima as well as survival temperatures was demonstrated in both species. While cold-temperate strains had relatively high or optimal growth rates at 15°C, polar isolates had very low rates at this temperature and showed growth optima between 0 and I0°C. The UST of the polar isolates of A. arcta is 22°C, i.e. slightly lower than those of the coldtemperate strains at 23-25°C. The cold-temperate isolate of A. sonderi survived 25°C, whereas Arctic strains had USTs of 22-24°C. The data indicate that changes in growth responses to temperature as well as small changes in UST can be achieved in relatively short time periods of exposure to low temperatures (3 million years) as exemplified in Arctic populations of A. arcta as well as A. sonderi. The UST of A, arcta (22-25°C) indicate the possibility of dispersal across the equator into the other hemisphere during the Pleistocene lowering of seawater temperatures in the tropics. Growth, however, would not have been possible during passage across the tropics due to the narrow temperature-growth window. Possible migration routes, seasonal development and the nature of geographical boundaries are discussed in relation to the data obtained for temperature requirements in the context of the present local temperature regimes.

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Temperature requirements for growth and survival of macroalgae from Disko Island (Greenland)

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos

Climate-driven regime shifts in Arctic marine benthos

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Temperature ecotypes and biogeography of Acrosiphoniales (Chlorophyta) with Arctic-Antarctic disjunct and Arctic/cold-temperature distributions

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