2022
DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01163
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Temperature Self-Calibration of Always-On, Field-Deployed Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Differential Voltage Measurement

Abstract: Originally developed for use in controlled laboratory settings, potentiometric ionselective electrode (ISE) sensors have recently been deployed for continuous, in situ measurement of analyte concentration in agricultural (e.g., nitrate), environmental (e.g., ocean acidification), industrial (e.g., wastewater), and health-care sectors (e.g., sweat sensors). However, due to uncontrolled temperature and lack of frequent calibration in these field applications, it has been difficult to achieve accuracy comparable … Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…The largest errors in our system are generated by physical disturbances, namely, connections and disconnections of electrodes to the multichannel analyzer and the movement of electrodes between buffers, both of which can contribute uncertainties of up to 0.6 mV per reading (Table ). Temperature fluctuations can also influence the EMF readouts of thin-film electrodes with EMF values decreasing by roughly 2 mV/K; we estimate a variation of 1 °C during the 3 month experiment. In comparison, the systematic, long-term drift from this study is only +0.28 mV/day for γ-irradiated pH electrodes and −0.09 mV/day for untreated electrodes.…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…The largest errors in our system are generated by physical disturbances, namely, connections and disconnections of electrodes to the multichannel analyzer and the movement of electrodes between buffers, both of which can contribute uncertainties of up to 0.6 mV per reading (Table ). Temperature fluctuations can also influence the EMF readouts of thin-film electrodes with EMF values decreasing by roughly 2 mV/K; we estimate a variation of 1 °C during the 3 month experiment. In comparison, the systematic, long-term drift from this study is only +0.28 mV/day for γ-irradiated pH electrodes and −0.09 mV/day for untreated electrodes.…”
Section: Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…( b ) Nitrate concentration of an agricultural field is measured continuously with four low-cost nitrate ISEs over a period of 22 days. Part of the voltage readings are adapted from Ref 8 , 33 . Different faults are observed- slow drift over time (S 1 ), increasing sensitivity to temperature with time (S 2 ), sudden jump in output (S 4 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 a), such as: Uncontrolled environment: Controlled environment decreases noise and variability, and thus increases the data reliability of the sensors used in the laboratory. In contrast, relatively small sample volume and rapidly varying temperature, humidity, and target concentration increase noise and decrease data reliability of the sensors used in the field 8 . Time-dependent Degradation: Water ingress, biofouling, radiation exposure, etc., change the physical and chemical properties of the sensor 9 , 10 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Using multiple sensors, we detect an To find out the mis-calibrated sensors from multiple sensors, we propose a novel LTS method. Using eq 3, ref 25 shows that the differential voltage of two ISEs with comparable concentration sensitivities but different temperature sensitivities (i.e., different M values) is a measure of the local temperature irrespective of analyte activity, namely…”
Section: ■ Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the third step, using the voltage difference and calibration parameters of each pair of sensors, we calculate the local (Nernst) temperature, which we denote as T V loc, ij . 25 We compare the two local temperatures, i.e., T loc,ext and T V loc, ij , and the error between them (Er i ) increases if a sensor starts to drift (see Figure 1c and eq 6). Therefore, using local temperature supervision (LTS), we monitor the drift of individual ISE in this step.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%