Temperature sensor based on frequency upconversion in Er/sup 3+/-doped fluoroindate glass

Upconversion fluorescence spectroscopy of Er3+/Yb3+-doped heavy metal Bi2O3–Na2O–Nb2O5–GeO2 glass

“…Particularly for temperature sensor devices, an important requirement for practical applications is that the material must yield a large upconversion signal when excited with powers comparable to commercially available diode lasers. 9,10 Amongst many, fluoroindate, 10 fluorophosphate, 11 fluorozirconate, 12 and heavy metal silicate glasses, 13 have already proven to satisfy the majority of the desired characteristics mentioned above. However, unlike for silicates, phosphates, and fluoride glasses, little attention has been directed to the study of nonlinear frequency conversion in niobate glasses.…”

“…The researchers' effort has already led to the realization of rare-earth doped glass lasers, 2,3 fiber lasers, [4][5][6][7][8] and sensor devices. 9,10 A very important factor to be considered when developing a rare-earth doped optical device, is the host material. The host glass is desired to present a minimal absorption coefficient within the wavelength range of interest, ultrafast response times, compatibility with waveguide fabrication process, high optical damage threshold, and large nonlinearity.…”

Energy transfer and frequency upconversion involving triads of Pr3+ ions in (Pr3+, Gd3+) doped fluoroindate glass

“…23 A process involving ET among three excited Er 3+ ions was used to construct a practical temperature sensor. 24 The studies of UC due to ET in fluoroindate glasses have demonstrated the large potential of these materials for devices because of their large transparency window, the low multiphonon emission rates, and the high fluorescence efficiency of RE ions hosted in these glasses. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Furthermore, it is possible to incorporate large concentration of RE ions inside the glass matrix and as a consequence many efficient ET processes can be observed.…”

Control of nonlinear absorption and amplification of light in Er^3+-doped fluoroindate glass

“…A study of optically induced modulation (OIM) of a cw laser beam transmitted through a sample of Er 3ϩ -doped glass owing to the presence of another beam was performed to characterize the OIM effect. We used samples of a fluoroindate glass that is a material that has already been investigated for a variety of photonic applications such as frequency upconverters, 10-14 a temperature sensor, 15 and a laser host. 16 We investigated the efficiency of the OIM process by varying the pump laser wavelength and its intensity-modulation frequency.…”