Temperature–stress fields and related phenomena induced by a high current pulsed electron beam

Qin, Ying; Zou, Jianxin; Chen, Dong; Wang, Xiaogang; Wu, Aimin; Liu, Yue; Hao, Shuai; Guan, Qingfeng

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.06.008

Cited by 124 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Due to high temperature remelting of subsurface in Cu-rich matrix and Cr particles, as indicated by arrows A in Figure 3b, B in Figure 3c, and D in Figure 4d, the relatively large craters occurred in the subsurface of Cu-Cr alloy under the action of thermal stress. The depth of the molten pool is about 5-10 μm, which provides direct evidences to the numerical simulation results in Zou et al's studies 17 . During the HCPEB treatment, the Cu-Cr alloy will be heated rapidly, and some remolten liquid under the subsurface will be splashed to form the craters, accompanied by the formation of lots of small liquid droplets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…When the switches of HCPEB equipment are turned on, the surface of Cu-Cr alloy is melted and lots of molten pools are formed (as can be seen in Figure 5b). The previous investigation by Zou et al 17 revealed that the highest temperature appeared in the subsurface of alloys after HCPEB treatment. Due to high temperature remelting of subsurface in Cu-rich matrix and Cr particles, as indicated by arrows A in Figure 3b, B in Figure 3c, and D in Figure 4d, the relatively large craters occurred in the subsurface of Cu-Cr alloy under the action of thermal stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It means that the melt will cool down and solidify rapidly due to the excellent heat conduction ability of the matrix of Cu-Cr alloy. Because of the heat generated by HCPEB bombardment, substantial thermal stress will be produced, thus making it possible to induce cracks in Cr particles 17 (as shown in Figure 2a, Figure 3a and Figure 4b). When the electron beams irradiate the original chapped Cr phases again, coarse craters or cavities will occur in Cu-Cr alloys (marked by arrows A in Figure 2a and F in Figure 2d, A and B in Figure 3, and D in Figure 4d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microstructure and Liquid Phase Separation of CuCr Alloys Treated by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

Zhou

Chai

et al. 2015

Mat. Res.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Liquid Phase Separation of CuCr Alloys Treated by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

Zhou

Chai

et al. 2015

Mat. Res.

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“…However, it is usually reported in a result of W2C plus graphite mixture under an oxygen-containing environment, while in the present situation, where high vacuum was applied, the severe decomposition of WC → W2C was inhibited and instead it promoted the decomposition of WC → WC1−x without volatile CO2 formation. Therefore, in the WCrich region, peritectic decompositions, WC → WC1−x + Graphite, of WC carbides occurred at the given parameters [17,[29][30][31][32]. As a result of this, nano graphite was fabricated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Nanostructure and Metastable Phases at the Surface of a HCPEB-Treated WC-6% Co Hard Alloy with Increasing Irradiation Pulse Numbers

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2017

Coatings

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This work investigates the mechanisms of the microstructure evolution in the melted surface layers of a WC-6% Co hard alloy when increasing the number of pulses of irradiation by high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment. After one pulse of irradiation, about 50% of the stable hcp WC phase was melted and resolidified into the metastable fcc form (WC 1−x ). When increasing the numbers of pulse irradiation, the WC phase decomposed into ultrafine-grained WC 1−x plus nanosized graphite under our selected energy condition. Because of the rapidity of HCPEB carried under vacuum, the formation of the brittle W 2 C phase was avoided. In the initial Co-rich areas, where the Co was evaporated, melting and solidification led to the formation of nanostructures Co 3 W 9 C 4 and Co 3 W 3 C. The volume fraction of the nano domains containing WC 1−x , Co 3 W 9 C 4 , and Co 3 W 3 C phases reached its maximum after 20 pulses of irradiation. The improved properties after 20 pulses are therefore due to the presence of nano graphite that served as lubricant and dramatically decreased the friction coefficient, while the ultrafine-grained carbides and the nano domains contribute to the improvement of the surface microhardness and wear resistance.

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“…For example, laser surface melting can produce cooling rates of ~ 10 5 K s -1 but electron beam surface melting can achieve even higher cooling rates, typically of the order of 10 8 -10 9 K s -1 [3]. These processes have generated amorphous phases in various Al-, Zr-and Cubased alloys [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prior laser microstructural refinement on the formation of amorphous layer in an Al86Co7.6Ce6.4 alloy

Murray

Voisey

et al. 2014

Applied Surface Science

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Laser surface melting (LSM) pre-treatment was conducted before large area electron beam (LAEB) treatment in an attempt to eliminate the cracking of the amorphous layer. In our previous work, LAEB treatment successfully generated an amorphous layer on a cast polycrystalline Al-Co-Ce glass forming alloy. However, cracking was found and was associated with large and brittle Al 8 Co 2 Ce phase in the bulk material. Results show that prior LSM treatment in this present work can effectively refine the microstructure of as-cast material, decreasing the particle size and particle spacing of Al 8 Co 2 Ce phase. This decrease in the microstructural length scale greatly reduced the results of cracking of the amorphous layer. The LAEB pulse number required for the homogenisation and amorphisation of treated layer was also decreased for the laser pre-treated sample compared to as-cast material.

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Temperature–stress fields and related phenomena induced by a high current pulsed electron beam

Cited by 124 publications

References 13 publications

Microstructure and Liquid Phase Separation of CuCr Alloys Treated by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

Microstructure and Liquid Phase Separation of CuCr Alloys Treated by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

Evolution of Nanostructure and Metastable Phases at the Surface of a HCPEB-Treated WC-6% Co Hard Alloy with Increasing Irradiation Pulse Numbers

Effect of prior laser microstructural refinement on the formation of amorphous layer in an Al86Co7.6Ce6.4 alloy

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