Temperaturregulation bei Flederm�usen (Chiroptera) aus verschiedenen Klimazonen

Kulzer, Erwin

doi:10.1007/bf00388050

Cited by 64 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, while exposed for 3 d to 4Њ-6ЊC T a , one bat was maintaining a high T b (Ͼ16ЊC) during the first 2 d, then eventually reached ϳ10ЊC T b . At that stage, however, the bat was hypothermic and could apparently not rewarm spontaneously (Kulzer 1965). According to our data, the temperature chosen by Kulzer for his experiments, some degrees below T ct , may have simply constrained this bat to thermoregulate actively, with a progressive depletion of its energetic reserves until it reached a critical state.…”

Section: Body Temperature and Rate Of Metabolism In Torpormentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The lowest ambient temperature tolerated by T. teniotis appears markedly higher than the minimum ambient temperatures recorded in 34 out of 37 species of hibernating vespertilionid and rhinolophid bats listed by Nagel and Nagel (1991) and Webb et al (1996), the three noticeable exceptions being species occurring in Mediterranean environments. Kulzer (1965) observed a lethargic state in T. teniotis exposed to T a down to ϳ10ЊC, but T b apparently did not drop below 16ЊC. However, while exposed for 3 d to 4Њ-6ЊC T a , one bat was maintaining a high T b (Ͼ16ЊC) during the first 2 d, then eventually reached ϳ10ЊC T b .…”

Section: Body Temperature and Rate Of Metabolism In Torpormentioning

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physiological Traits Affecting the Distribution and Wintering Strategy of the Bat Tadarida teniotis

Arlettaz¹,

Ruchet²,

Aeschimann³

et al. 2000

Ecology

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The ability to enter torpor at low ambient temperature, which enables insectivorous bats to survive seasonal food shortage, is often seen as a prerequisite for colonizing cold environments. Free-tailed bats (Molossidae) show a distribution with a maximum latitudinal extension that appears to be intermediate between truly tropical and temperate-zone bat families. We therefore tested the hypothesis that Tadarida teniotis, the molossid species reaching the highest latitude worldwide (46Њ N), lacks the extreme physiological adaptations to cold that enable other sympatric bats to enter further into the temperate zone. We studied the metabolism of individuals subjected to various ambient temperatures in the laboratory by respirometry, and we monitored the body temperature of free-ranging individuals in winter and early spring in the Swiss Alps using temperaturesensitive radio-tags. For comparison, metabolic data were obtained from Nyctalus noctula, a typically hibernating vespertilionid bat of similar body size and convergent foraging tactics. The metabolic data support the hypothesis that T. teniotis cannot experience such low ambient temperatures as sympatric temperate-zone vespertilionid bats without incurring much higher energetic costs for thermogenesis. The minimum rate of metabolism in torpor was obtained at 7.5Њ-10ЊC in T. teniotis, as compared to 2.5Њ-5ЊC in N. noctula. Field data showed that T. teniotis behaves as a classic thermo-conforming hibernator in the Alps, with torpor bouts lasting up to 8 d. This contradicts the widely accepted opinion that Molossidae are nonhibernating bats. However, average body temperature (10Њ-13ЊC) and mean arousal frequency (3.4 d in one bat in January) appear to be markedly higher than in other temperatezone bat species. At the northern border of its range, T. teniotis selects relatively warm roosts (crevices in tall, south-exposed limestone cliffs) in winter, where temperatures oscillate around 10ЊC. By this means, T. teniotis apparently avoids the risk of prolonged exposure to energetically critical ambient temperatures in torpor (Ͻ6.5Њ-7.5ЊC) during cold spells. Possibly shared by other Molossidae, the physiological pattern observed in T. teniotis may clearly be linked to the intermediate latitudinal extension of this bat family.

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Section: Body Temperature and Rate Of Metabolism In Torpormentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Body Temperature and Rate Of Metabolism In Torpormentioning

confidence: 86%

Physiological Traits Affecting the Distribution and Wintering Strategy of the Bat Tadarida teniotis

Arlettaz¹,

Ruchet²,

Aeschimann³

et al. 2000

Ecology

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“…On day 1, TMR was recorded at 198C, 188C, 178C and 168C for 120 min each. We did not reduce T a below 168C as at this temperature the bats started to get stressed and as this temperature was reported as lethal to this species [6]. On the second day, TMR was recorded at 208C, 258C, 308C and 358C (338C is the highest temperature we recorded in the summer roosts [9]) for 120 min each.…”

Section: (C) Torpid Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rhinopomatidae (mouse-tailed bats) are a monotypic family of subtropical insectivorous bats inhabiting semi-arid and warm regions in Asia and Africa. Two species, the greater mouse-tailed bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum) and the lesser mouse-tailed bat (Rhinopoma cystops) are medium-sized insectivorous bats with body masses of approximately 25 g and 12 g, respectively, and are both well adapted to arid environments [6,7]. Rhinopoma microphyllum and R. cystops inhabit the dry and warm regions of Israel, which is the northern edge of their world distribution [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtropical mouse-tailed bats use geothermally heated caves for winter hibernation

et al. 2015

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We report that two species of mouse-tailed bats (Rhinopoma microphyllum and R. cystops) hibernate for five months during winter in geothermally heated caves with stable high temperature (208C). While hibernating, these bats do not feed or drink, even on warm nights when other bat species are active. We used thermo-sensitive transmitters to measure the bats' skin temperature in the natural hibernacula and open flow respirometry to measure torpid metabolic rate at different ambient temperatures (T a , 16-358C) and evaporative water loss (EWL) in the laboratory. Bats average skin temperature at the natural hibernacula was 21.7 + 0.88C, and no arousals were recorded. Both species reached the lowest metabolic rates around natural hibernacula temperatures (208C, average of 0.14 + 0.01 and 0.16 + 0.04 ml O 2 g 21 h 21 for R. microphyllum and R. cystops, respectively) and aroused from torpor when T a fell below 168C. During torpor the bats performed long apnoeas (14 + 1.6 and 16 + 1.5 min, respectively) and had a very low EWL. We hypothesize that the particular diet of these bats is an adaptation to hibernation at high temperatures and that caves featuring high temperature and humidity during winter enable these species to survive this season on the northern edge of their world distribution.

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“…Group I of the microchiropterans (see Van V~en, 1979) includes three insectivorous famiHes that, unfonunately, are poorly studied. Two of these famiHes apparently have type 2 thermoregulation (Kulzer, 1965) but do not normally appear to enter deep torpor and may have intermediate to low basal rates; the third family, Craseonycteridae, includes onlyone species, which is the smallest li ving bat, and that at 2 g undoubtedly ensures type I regulation. The family Noctilionidae has usually been placed here, but Van Valen has placed it in group III; in either case it may have been derived from the Emballonuridae.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Bat Energeticsmentioning

confidence: 98%