Tempering of steel

Speich, G. R.; Leslie, W. C.

doi:10.1007/bf02642436

Cited by 613 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several stages of tempering are classically identified, although often two stages occur simultaneously. [15][16][17][18] The stages correspond to formation of -carbide from supersaturated martensite between 323 K and 523 K (50°C and 250°C), transformation of retained austenite to -carbide and ferrite from 473 K to 573 K (200°C to 300°C), formation of cementite from -carbide and from martensite in the range 473 K to 623 K (200°C to 350°C), then finally cementite coarsening and ferrite recrystallization above 623 K (350°C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tempering of Low-Temperature Bainite

Peet

Babu

Miller

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atom probe tomography have been used to identify the changes which occur during the tempering of a carbide-free bainitic steel transformed at 473 K (200 °C). Partitioning of solute between ferrite and thin-films of retained austenite was observed on tempering at 673 K (400 °C) for 30 minutes. After tempering at 673 K (400 °C) and 773 K (500 °C) for 30 minutes, cementite was observed in the form of nanometre scale precipitates. Proximity histograms showed that the partitioning of solutes other than silicon from the cementite was slight at 673 K (400 °C) and more obvious at 773 K (500 °C). In both cases, the nanometre scale carbides are greatly depleted in silicon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tempering of Low-Temperature Bainite

Peet

Babu

Miller

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…This process leads to modification of the mechanical properties, which could have both beneficial and negative effects depending on the stage of martensite decomposition and the desirable in-service characteristics of the material. Whereas, there is a general agreement on the stages of decomposition taking place during tempering of carbon-containing ferrous martensite [4,5], some discrepancies still exist on the nature of the initial carbides formed. However, the atom probe tomography not only provides insight into the early stages of clustering in martensite, but also highlight the details of the precipitation sequence at a later stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of decomposition of martensite during heat treatment of steels using atom probe tomography

Pereloma

Ringer

Timokhina

et al. 2009

ESOMAT 2009 - 8th European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations

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Abstract. The decomposition of martensite during tempering or ageing is an important phenomenon as it leads to changes in the mechanical properties. These changes could take place during both steel manufacturing or in-service. Thus, their understanding is required to predict the material performance. Recent advances in the development of local electrode atom probes has led to a significant increase in the analysed volume of material (up to 100 millions of atoms) and at the same time reduced the acquisition times. This allows improvement in data statistics when investigating fine nanoscale features, such as solute segregation, clustering and ultrafine precipitation. Selected results of atom probe studies on the decomposition of martensite from bake hardening of a pre-strained Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel and ageing of FeNiTiMnAl maraging steel are presented.

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“…25) During tempering, the dislocation density of the 22SiMnCrNiMo steel decreased because of continuous dislocation movement, rearrangement or disappearance. Therefore, tensile strength of the 22SiMnCrNiMo steel decreases with increasing tempering temperature and time.…”

Section: 7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of a Novel Low-carbon High-silicon Martensitic Steel

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2017

ISIJ International

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A novel low-carbon high-silicon martensitic steel, 22SiMnCrNiMo, whose comprehensive mechanical properties approach the 00Ni18Co9Mo4Ti maraging steel, was investigated. Microstructure characterizations revealed that the steel was composed by lath martensite, retained austenite films and ε-carbides after different heat treatment processes. And the 22SiMnCrNiMo steel obtained optimal mechanical properties of a yield strength of 1 261 MPa, a tensile strength of 1 548 MPa, an impact toughness of 120 J/ cm 2 , a fracture toughness (K IC ) of 94.8 MPa·m 1/2 and a threshold value (ΔK th ) of 7.1 MPa·m 1/2 when the steel was austenitised at 900°C for 1 h followed by water quenched and then tempered at 320°C for 1 h. The 22SiMnCrNiMo steel exhibited excellent mechanical properties similar to those of the 00Ni18Co-9Mo4Ti maraging steel as well as high resistance to fatigue crack initiation and growth.

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Tempering of steel

Cited by 613 publications

References 9 publications

Tempering of Low-Temperature Bainite

Tempering of Low-Temperature Bainite

Observations of decomposition of martensite during heat treatment of steels using atom probe tomography

Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of a Novel Low-carbon High-silicon Martensitic Steel

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