Template-Directed Synthesis of Ordered Single-Crystalline Nanowires Arrays of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4

Shi, Liang; Pei, Congjian; Xu, Yeming; Li, Quan

doi:10.1021/ja201740w

Cited by 153 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The phase composition of CZTS is further examined with Raman analysis as shown in Fig.3(b). A peak located at 335 cm -1 and the weak peak at 287 cm -1 are observed, which is consistent with the reported value (333-338 cm -1 ) of the characteristic peak of kesterite CZTS [17] . No other characteristic peaks of impurities [18] are observed, such as Cu 2 S (475 cm -1 ), ZnS (351 cm -1 and 274 cm -1 ) and Cu 3 SnS 4 (318 cm -1 , 348 cm -1 and 295 cm -1 ).…”

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confidence: 92%

Synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 from Cu2SnS3 and ZnS compounds

Xin

et al. 2015

Optoelectron. Lett.

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The Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) powders are successfully synthesized by using ZnS and Cu 2 SnS 3 as raw materials directly without any intermediate phase at 450 °C for 3 h in Ar atmosphere. The crystalline structure, morphology and optical properties of the CZTS powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer, respectively. The results show that the band gap of the obtained CZTS is 1.53 eV. The CZTS film is fabricated by spin coating a mixture of CZTS powders and novolac resin with a weight percentage of 30%. The photoelectrical properties of such CZTS films are measured, and the results show an incident light density of 100 mW·cm -2 with the bias voltage of 0.40 V, and the photocurrent density can approach 9.80×10 -5 A·cm 2 within 50 s, giving an on/off switching ratio of 1.64.Chalcopyrite semiconductor compounds, such as Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS), are the promising absorber materials for thin film solar cell with demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.8% [1,2] . However, CIGS requires rare scattering elements of In and Ga, which could limit the low-cost and large-scale application of CIGS. Therefore, seeking and synthesizing an abundant and environmental absorber material candidate with suitable photovoltaic properties has been becoming urgent. The quaternary Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) has received remarkable attention as a promising candidate for absorber materials due to its abundance, low toxicity, and suitable optical and electrical properties [3][4][5] . CZTS is a p-type semiconductor with a band gap of 1.45-1.6 eV which approaches the optimum value for solar photoelectric conversion [6] . CZTS has been fabricated by various methods, including solvothermal method [7,8] , hot injection method [9,10] , microwave-assisted solution method [11,12] , and so on [13][14][15] . Among these methods, the use of organic solvent is the common shortcoming. Considering environmental and energy conservation issues, a more environmental method with a low annealing temperature is constantly being pursued. Wen Li et al [16] reported a two-step hydrothermal method to synthesize Cu 2 SnS 3 @ZnS nanoparticles with core-shell structure. This method reduced the production cost, but the procedure was complex. In this paper, we report a low-cost, simple and environmental method for the fabrication of CZTS, and in the production process, Cu 2 SnS 3 and ZnS directly react to synthesize CZTS for 3 h at 450 °C in Ar atmosphere without using toxic materials. In addition, this method is advantageous to the large-scale application of CZTS solar cell.In a typical synthesis process of ZnS, 0.1 mol zinc (II) chloride (ZnCl 2 , 98%) and 0.1 mol sodium sulfide (Na 2 S·9H 2 O, 98%) were dissolved in deionized water, respectively, and then the Na 2 S solution was slowly dripped into ZnCl 2 solution. The resulting ZnS precipitates were centrifuged and washed several times with distilled water, and then dried at 70 °C for 6 h in v...

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confidence: 92%

Synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 from Cu2SnS3 and ZnS compounds

Xin

et al. 2015

Optoelectron. Lett.

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“…Moreover, it is anticipated that the composites of nanokesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) powders with π-conjugated molecules should reveal properties that are useful in new solar cells [22,23]. In view of these efforts, various techniques have already been used to obtain nano and bulk Cu2ZnSnS4 [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kesterite Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction for Solution Processable Solar Cells

Data

Bialoglowski

Lyzwa

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…CZTSSe solar cells are mostly fabricated with CZTS nanocrystals [19][20][21] rather than CZTSe nanocrystals, since CZTS nanocrystals with a spherical morphology can be obtained easily compared to CZTSe nanocrystals. Recently, many groups have reported synthesis of CZTSe nanoparticles via solvothermal and hot injection methods [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The solvothermal process is the simpler method for the synthesis of nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) nanoparticles synthesized via solvothermal method for solar cell applications

Chalapathy

Das

et al. 2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Stannite Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple solvothermal process at low temperatures using ethylenediamine as a solvent. The structures and morphologies of CZTSe nanoparticles were characterized as functions of various zinc salts in the precursors. Nanosized CZTSe particles, formed with zinc chloride as the source of zinc and obtained at 240°C after 30 min of the aforementioned process, exhibited a single CZTSe phase. Increasing the processing duration to 6 h markedly increased the crystallinity of heat treated powders. All particles that were obtained after 6 h 240°C from various zinc salts exhibited a single tetragonal phase with particle sizes in the range of 30-60 nm. CZTSe nanoparticles that were obtained from zinc chloride and zinc acetylacetonate had better crystallinity compared to particles obtained from other zinc salts. The structural variation in CZTSe that was synthesized from zinc chloride was observed as a function of Cu/(Zn ? Sn) ratio. A Cu poor and Zn rich conditions resulted into a highly crystalline CZTSe phase with relatively smooth and closely packed morphology. The CZTSe nanoparticles, obtained from ZnCl 2 , were evaluated for potential use in solar cells via preparing precursor ink. The contents of the precursor ink were fixed to Cu/(Zn ? Sn) = 0.8 and Zn/Sn = 1.2, and the ink was coated onto Mo substrates via drop casting. The GIXRD patterns of the film showed single CZTSe phase without any binary phases throughout the film. These results demonstrated that the as formed CZTSe nanoparticles are suitable for use as absorber layers in lowcost solar cells.

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Template-Directed Synthesis of Ordered Single-Crystalline Nanowires Arrays of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and Cu₂ZnSnSe₄

Cited by 153 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 from Cu2SnS3 and ZnS compounds

Synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 from Cu2SnS3 and ZnS compounds

Kesterite Inorganic-Organic Heterojunction for Solution Processable Solar Cells

Characterization of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) nanoparticles synthesized via solvothermal method for solar cell applications

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