Template-free chemical deposition of highly crystalline ZnO nanorod thin films

Thiruvengadathan, Rajagopalan; Dhua, Swati; Rani, Sanju; Mathai, Joseph; Bai, Mengjun; Gangopadhyay, Keshab; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra

doi:10.1039/d2ma00046f

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Particularly, the photodetectors fabricated from nanostructured materials offer impressive advantages. Because of their enormous surface area, quantum confinement effect, relatively smaller size, and light trapping effect, ZnO nanostructures are better at absorbing light than ZnO thin films. − Additionally, ZnO nanorods with distinct one-dimensional (1D) shapes can reduce carrier transmission time for high responsiveness in photodetectors. The ZnO nanorods can be easily grown with the help of nucleating ZnO seed layers by hydrothermal synthesis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Powered UV Photodetectors Based on Heterojunctions Composed of ZnO Nanorods Coated with Thin Films of ZnS and CuI

Swaminathan

2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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A simple, inexpensive solution process is used to deposit γ-CuI thin films, and many aspects of the films, such as morphology, crystalline phase, and its optical and electrical properties on annealing are studied. All of the grown films exhibited p-type conductivity and an average transmittance of 70 to 80% in the visible region. The film annealed at 200 °C is observed to be relatively smooth with root-mean-square roughness of 13.25 nm. CuI films annealed at 200 °C displayed a hole mobility of 0.53 cm 2 /Vs and a hole concentration of 8.36 × 10 18 cm −3 . Additionally, the potential of γ-CuI as a p-type material for photodetection is explored by fabricating transparent hybrid ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on p-CuI/n-ZnO nanorods and p-CuI/n-ZnS/ZnO nanostructures. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image showed that the ZnO nanorods grew as a single crystal along the [001] direction and smaller CuI attached on their surface. A simple sulfurization procedure has created a poly-nanocrystalline ZnS shell layer over the ZnO nanorods. Crucial photodetector parameters such as responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity are analyzed with different illumination intensities and incident wavelengths. Under self-powered conditions, upon illumination with 372 nm and intensity of 0.25 mW/cm 2 , the p-CuI/n-ZnO nanorod showed significant responsivity of 25.11 mA/W and detectivity of 4.59 × 10 13 Jones. Insertion of the ZnS layer between the ZnO and CuI has enhanced these parameters to 43.85 mA/W and 3.84 × 10 14 Jones, respectively. This research underlines the potential of p-type CuI as a transparent, high-performance optoelectronic material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Powered UV Photodetectors Based on Heterojunctions Composed of ZnO Nanorods Coated with Thin Films of ZnS and CuI

Swaminathan

2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Cathode − 𝑑 𝑛 Cathode, 0 = 𝑘𝑡e −𝑄 𝑅𝑇 Cathode (11) where n = 3 for diffusion-controlled growth, and 2 for interface reaction-controlled growth, t is the time for isothermal hold and Q ≈ 270 kJ/mol.…”

Section: 𝑑 𝑛mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further if the pre-exponents and the grain size at t = 0 do not vary significantly just before flashing, we can now use (10) and (11) in conjunction with measured grain sizes (of the normal grains) at the cathode and anode, to arrive at a rough measure of the temperature asymmetry at the F I G U R E 9 A plot of calculated anode and cathode temperature for different values of the ratio given in Equation ( 12), assuming n = 3. The dotted line is the conventional sintering (CS) case (ratio = 1).…”

Section: 𝑑 𝑛mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in diffusive processes such as grain growth, it is seen that the rate‐controlling species is Zn 2+ rather than O 2− owing to their higher activation energies, E a (= E Formation + E Migration ), but in electrical conduction, it exhibits electronic character. The interplay of ion migration and electronic conduction in ZnO across the grain boundaries (GBs) make them interesting semiconducting ceramics with applications ranging from varistors to sensors and piezoelectronics to optoelectronics 7–11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interplay of ion migration and electronic conduction in ZnO across the grain boundaries (GBs) make them interesting semiconducting ceramics with applications ranging from varistors to sensors and piezoelectronics to optoelectronics. [7][8][9][10][11] Recently, significant efforts have been undertaken to design and make stable p-type ZnO for spintronic applications using group-V elements such as N, P As, and Sb. [12][13][14] But their acceptor levels are theoretically identified as deep with low solubility limits and reliability, resulting in questionable p-type character despite the doping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the flash sintering behavior of Li:ZnO—Evidence of electrode asymmetry driven by electrochemical reactions

Chi

2023

J Am Ceram Soc.

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The synthesis, subsequent flash sintering (FS) characteristics and microstructures of pure and Li‐incorporated ZnO powders are reported. At low concentrations, Li is a substitutional occupant in ZnO but becomes an amphoteric dopant (substitutional and interstitial occupant) at higher concentrations inferred from a contraction reversal of the unit cell volume. Increasing Li reduces the average flash temperature of ZnO modestly by 15°C, and a doubling of the linear shrinkage. A discernible color smear (yellow–white–dark) stretching from the anode to cathode imputable to strong electromigration is also observed. Microanalyses of the electrode regions establish clear evidence of electrochemical (EC) lithiation into ZnO and the formation of Li–Zn compounds not observed in conventional sintering (CS). Interestingly, in contrast to CS, the addition of Li enhances coarsening during FS, suggestive of a dissolution–reprecipitation process concurrent with the EC lithiation process. Evidence for considerable (local) yet tangible temperature, chemical and microstructural asymmetry among electrodes driven by EC reactions is presented. Probable mechanisms, leading to these observations, are discussed.

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Investigating the effect of acidic and basic precipitation on the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

R.,

Kumar,

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B

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Template-free chemical deposition of highly crystalline ZnO nanorod thin films

Abstract: A template-free solvothermal method in mixed solvent system was employed to produce ZnO nanorods in powder and thin-film forms at temperatures as low as 90oC. A thin seed layer of...

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Self-Powered UV Photodetectors Based on Heterojunctions Composed of ZnO Nanorods Coated with Thin Films of ZnS and CuI

Self-Powered UV Photodetectors Based on Heterojunctions Composed of ZnO Nanorods Coated with Thin Films of ZnS and CuI

On the flash sintering behavior of Li:ZnO—Evidence of electrode asymmetry driven by electrochemical reactions

Investigating the effect of acidic and basic precipitation on the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

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