Template synthesis—a membrane based technology for generation of nano-/micro materials: a review

Chakarvarti, S. K.; Vetter, J.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(98)00009-2

Cited by 125 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Morphology, alignment and orientation of synthesized PPy microwires are quite uniform as they grow homogeneously via chemical polymerization within confined ordered and symmetric pores of host TEM template. The corresponding diameter and length of pores and synthesized microwires are similar for the reason that embedded pores within TEM template act as excellent moulds (Chakarvarti and Vetter, 1998;Enculescu, 2006;Chakarvarti, 2009). As far as the segment to segment and wire to wire variation is concerned, the same is understood to be negligible in conjunction with least variation of morphology and alignment of pores achieved by controlling homogeneity of the incident ion beam, target material and etching conditions while preparing the TEMs which is a well established distinct feature of ion track etch technique (Apel, 2001;Ferain and Legras, 2001;Nikezic and Yu, 2004;Sartowska et al, 2012;Kumar and Chakarvarti, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…These limitations have motivated the present work to hunt facile technique for the synthesis and assembly of reproducible aligned nano/micro scale structures of PPy with predictable and determined dimensions in flexible substrate which possess the mechanical properties of substrate retaining the electrical properties of conducting polymers. Template based synthesis technique of micro/nanostructures is versatile and of significant interest as they give up reproducible wire shapes, lengths and directional growth, according to the morphology of molds in host material (Chakarvarti and Vetter, 1998). PPy nano/micro structures can be prepared by both electrochemical and chemical approaches in various organic solvents and in aqueous solution using hard template guided synthesis within the channels, holes, cavities or related nanosized structural units of the template (Kumar, et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Microwires of Polypyrrole via Chemical Polymerization using Track Etch Membrane as Template

Garg¹,

Kumar²,

Chakarvarti³

2014

AJMST

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Low dimensional structures of conducting polymers, particularly polypyrrole, have attracted a great attention of researchers and engineers in recent years because of their diverse potential application on account of their unique properties of large aspect ratio, good electrical conductivity, environmental stability and biocompatibility. The present work describes synthesis of polypyrolle microwires by template assisted chemical polymerization at room temperature using FeCl3 as an oxidant. In this technique, the track etch membrane used as a template was fitted between two chambers in a chemical cell in such a way that the template acts as a separating wall between the chambers. One chamber was filled with an aqueous monomer pyrrole solution and other was filled with oxidant reagent of ferric chloride. Chemical polymerization takes place within the pores of the template as the monomer and the oxidant reagent diffuse towards each other, react to yield the conductive polymer which grows as microstructure in the shape of pores of host template. Synthesized samples have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which reveals that the morphology of the microwires matches with the morphology of pores as mould in host template. Diameter, orientation and direction of growth of microwires were almost uniform because of the confined growth of microwires in the ordered and symmetric pores of TEM template. Conductivity of polypyrrole microwires was estimated equal 20.152 S/m form current-voltage characteristics measured using a two-probe-method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Microwires of Polypyrrole via Chemical Polymerization using Track Etch Membrane as Template

Garg¹,

Kumar²,

Chakarvarti³

2014

AJMST

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“…Researchers at GSI at Darmstadt, Germany (where this author has had also his first hand-on experience with the technique of TS for a short duration during early nineties), have also many reports to their credit for developing the technique further and generating nano/microstructures [35]. A large bulk of literature since then has been published on the negative TS and its applications [3,34,36]. This lab has also been reporting from time to time on the synthesis of nano/microstructures, devices and tubules using Particle Track Etch Membranes (PTEMs) as templates [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: History and Development Of Negative Template Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent past has witnessed keen interest being generated on the use of innovative technologies like TS in the production of nanomaterials' fabrication involving materials like metals, non-metals like semiconductors, magnetic multilayered nano wires, conducting polymers, glasses, nanotubues, wires and whiskers etc. reported from various authors and from our Lab [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Track-etch membranes as templates enabled nano/micro technology: a review

Chakarvarti

2009

Indian J Phys

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: Many techniques are being used in order to synthesize nano/micro materials falling under the realm of nanotechnology. It need not be overemphasized that the miniaturization of devices and synthesis of new materials have a tremendous role in the development of powerful electronics as well as material based technologies in other areas but for the laws of quantum mechanics posing limitations besides the increasing cost and difficulties in manufacturing in such a small scale. The quest, therefore, for the alternative technologies, have stimulated a surge of interest in nano-meter scale materials and devices in the recent years. Metallic as well as semiconducting nano wires are the most attractive materials because of their unique properties having myriad of applications like interconnects for nano-electronics, magnetic devices, chemical and biosensors, whereas the hollow tubules are equally considered to be candidates for more potent applications -both in physical as well as biosciences. Materials' processing for nano-structured devices is indispensable to their rational design. The technique, known as "Template Synthesis", using electrochemical/electro less deposition is one of the most important processes for manufacturing nano/micro structures, nano-composites and devices and is relatively inexpensive and simple. The technique involves using membranes -ion crafted ones (popularly known as Particle Track-Etch Membranes or Nuclear Track Filters), alumite substrate membranes, besides other types of membranes as templates. The parameters viz., diameter as well as length i.e., aspect ratio, shape and wall surface traits in these membranes are controllable.In the present article a detailed review of this technique using track-etch membranes as templates in synthesis of nano/micro materials including hybrid materials and devices like field-ion emitters, resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) etc. is presented including most of the results obtained in our laboratory.

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“…(ii) Hard templates [136] are widely employed in the synthesis of CP nanofibres [137]. In general, hard templates include a variety of ordered porous membranes such as anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) [138], silica, [139] nanochannel glass [140] or ion track-etched polymers [141]. This method does not require any specialized apparatus and is widely applicable across a range of organic materials [79].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorene-based macromolecular nanostructures and nanomaterials for organic (opto)electronics

Xie

Yang

Lin

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Nanotechnology not only opens up the realm of nanoelectronics and nanophotonics, but also upgrades organic thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. In this review, we introduce polymer semiconductors and plastic electronics briefly, followed by various top-down and bottom-up nano approaches to organic electronics. Subsequently, we highlight the progress in polyfluorene-based nanoparticles and nanowires (nanofibres), their tunable optoelectronic properties as well as their applications in polymer light-emitting devices, solar cells, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, lasers, optical waveguides and others. Finally, an outlook is given with regard to four-element complex devices via organic nanotechnology and molecular manufacturing that will spread to areas such as organic mechatronics in the framework of robotic-directed science and technology.

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Template synthesis—a membrane based technology for generation of nano-/micro materials: a review

Cited by 125 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis of Microwires of Polypyrrole via Chemical Polymerization using Track Etch Membrane as Template

Synthesis of Microwires of Polypyrrole via Chemical Polymerization using Track Etch Membrane as Template

Track-etch membranes as templates enabled nano/micro technology: a review

Fluorene-based macromolecular nanostructures and nanomaterials for organic (opto)electronics

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