Temple Fay, M.D., Unconformable Crusader and Harbinger of Human Refrigeration 1895–1963

Henderson, Alfred R.

doi:10.3171/jns.1963.20.7.0626

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Before introducing hypothermia to the modern medical era through his groundbreaking clinical trials at Temple University, Fay conducted a complete and systematic course of laboratory investigations that provided the foundation for future research into the mechanism of neuroprotection via hypothermia. 22,32 By the early 20th century, much had been published on the effectiveness of hypothermia as a tissue preservative, and a handful of early pioneers reported favorable responses to hypothermia for various conditions, including tumor growth, inflammation, and pain. 32 Despite these early clues, no one before Fay is known to have taken the logical next step of investigating the effects of hypothermia on tissue culture growth in the laboratory.…”

Section: Temple Faymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of therapeutic hypothermia and its use in neurosurgery

Bohl

Martirosyan

Killeen

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurosurgery

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Despite an overwhelming history demonstrating the potential of hypothermia to rescue and preserve the brain and spinal cord after injury or disease, clinical trials from the last 50 years have failed to show a convincing benefit. This comprehensive review provides the historical context needed to consider the current status of clinical hypothermia research and a view toward the future direction for this field. For millennia, accounts of hypothermic patients surviving typically fatal circumstances have piqued the interest of physicians and prompted many of the early investigations into hypothermic physiology. In 1650, for example, a 22-year-old woman in Oxford suffered a 30-minute execution by hanging on a notably cold and wet day but was found breathing hours later when her casket was opened in a medical school dissection laboratory. News of her complete recovery inspired pioneers such as John Hunter to perform the first complete and methodical experiments on life in a hypothermic state. Hunter's work helped spark a scientific revolution in Europe that saw the overthrow of the centuries-old dogma that volitional movement was created by hydraulic nerves filling muscle bladders with cerebrospinal fluid and replaced this theory with animal electricity. Central to this paradigm shift was Giovanni Aldini, whose public attempts to reanimate the hypothermic bodies of executed criminals not only inspired tremendous scientific debate but also inspired a young Mary Shelley to write her novel Frankenstein. Dr. Temple Fay introduced hypothermia to modern medicine with his human trials on systemic and focal cooling. His work was derailed after Nazi physicians in Dachau used his results to justify their infamous experiments on prisoners of war. The latter half of the 20th century saw the introduction of hypothermic cerebrovascular arrest in neurosurgical operating rooms. The ebb and flow of neurosurgical interest in hypothermia that has since persisted reflect our continuing struggle to achieve the neuroprotective benefits of cooling while minimizing the systemic side effects.

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Section: Temple Faymentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of therapeutic hypothermia and its use in neurosurgery

Bohl

Martirosyan

Killeen

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurosurgery

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“…Protection of neurons from experimental insult is easy; protection of neurons in the clinic has proved more difficult. The first technique to protect neurons against ischaemic injury was ‘human refrigeration’, developed by the neurosurgeon Temple Fay in the 1930s 1 Eighty years on, hypothermia remains one of the few clinically successful methods to protect neurons against ischaemic injury.…”

Section: Principles Of Neuroprotection In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This owes partly to the different scales of measurement for structure and function and the effect of retinal eccentricity on the relationship 32 . RGC density on a decibel (logarithmic) scale has a linear relationship with retinal sensitivity on a decibel scale for a given eccentricity 1,2 …”

Section: Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 RGC density on a decibel (logarithmic) scale has a linear relationship with retinal sensitivity on a decibel scale for a given eccentricity. 1,2 Retinal ganglion cell densities cannot be measured clinically, and studies in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension have shown that visual field changes can occur independently of structural changes to the retinal nerve fibre layer or optic disc. 3 This does not mean necessarily that there is a genuine dissociation between structure and function, but that our current measurement techniques find an apparent dissociation.…”

Section: To Be Useful Neuroprotection Requires Measurable Clinical Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translational neuroprotection research in glaucoma: a review of definitions and principles

Casson

Chidlow

Ebneter

et al. 2011

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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The maintenance of vision, through prevention and attenuation of neuronal injury in glaucoma, forms the basis of current clinical practice. Currently, the reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to achieve these goals. Although this strategy enjoys considerable success, some patients progress to blindness; hence, additional management options are highly desirable. Several terms describing treatment modalities of neuronal diseases with potential applicability to glaucoma are used in the literature, including neuroprotection, neurorecovery, neurorescue and neuroregeneration. These phenomena have not been defined within a coherent framework. Here, we suggest a set of definitions, postulates and principles to form a foundation for the successful translation of novel glaucoma therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.

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“…In 1919, he began to perform studies on lower temperature and the effects on cellular growth. 5,7 This eventually guided further studies of cooling in areas such as cardiac surgery and other neurological conditions. 8 As experiments advanced, attention paid to use of body temperature modulation to limit the effects of injuries sustained to the neurological system emerged in the 1950s and 1960s.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The “Cold Cord”: A Review of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries

Tracy

Armola

Micham

2015

American Journal of Critical Care

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A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, Clinical Evidence Review unveils available scientific evidence to answer questions faced in contemporary clinical practice. It is intended to support, refute, or shed light on health care practices where little evidence exists. To send an eLetter or to contribute to an online discussion about this article, visit www.ajcconline.org and click "Respond to This Article" on either the full-text or PDF view of the article. We welcome letters regarding this feature and encourage the submission of questions for future review.

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Temple Fay, M.D., Unconformable Crusader and Harbinger of Human Refrigeration 1895–1963

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

The history of therapeutic hypothermia and its use in neurosurgery

The history of therapeutic hypothermia and its use in neurosurgery

Translational neuroprotection research in glaucoma: a review of definitions and principles

The “Cold Cord”: A Review of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries

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