Tempo and mode of allopatric divergence in the weakly electric fish Sternopygus dariensis in the Isthmus of Panama

Aguilar, Celestino; Miller, Matthew J.; Loaiza, José R.; González, Rigoberto; Krahe, Rüdiger; León, Luis F. De

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55336-y

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Whittaker's index of β diversity also showed high species turn-over across sites (0.87). Similarly, our rarefaction/extrapolation analyses showed variation in species richness across sites: Frijoles (52), Frijolito (27), Trinidad (22) and Indio (22). However, the most striking pattern was a lack of saturation in the The data show the number of successfully barcoded individuals (Ind.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Typically, diversification in freshwater organisms is marked by a strong geographic signature, where genetic divergence is facilitated by spatial isolation among populations [26,27]. However, the contribution of geographic isolation to the diversification of Neotropical freshwater macroinvertebrates has received little attention to date [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other freshwater taxa (e.g., [26,27], spatial isolation is likely a major factor driving diversification in macroinvertebrates, but few studies have tested this expectation [25,28,29]. In particular, Múrria et al [25] found a high frequency of unique haplotypes associated with the geographical distance across watersheds in Panama.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales

et al. 2020

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Aquatic macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems, but their diversity remains poorly known, particularly in the tropics. This "taxonomic void" limits our understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes in freshwater ecosystems, and the scale at which they operate. We used DNA barcoding to estimate lineage diversity (and the diversity of unique haplotypes) in 224 specimens of freshwater macroinvertebrates at a small spatial scale within the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW). In addition, we compiled available barcoding data to assess macroinvertebrate diversity at a broader spatial scale spanning the Isthmus of Panama. Consistently across two species delimitation algorithms (i.e., ABGD and GMYC), we found high lineage diversity within the PCW, with~100-106 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) across 168 unique haplotypes. We also found a high lineage diversity along the Isthmus of Panama, but this diversity peaked within the PCW. However, our rarefaction/extrapolation approach showed that this diversity remains undersampled. As expected, these results indicate that the diversity of Neotropical freshwater macroinvertebrates is higher than previously thought, with the possibility of high endemicity even at narrow spatial scales. Consistent with previous work on aquatic insects and other freshwater taxa in this region, geographic isolation is likely a main factor shaping these patterns of diversity. However, other factors such as habitat variability and perhaps local adaptation might be reshaping these patterns of diversity at a local scale. Although further research is needed to better understand the processes driving diversification in freshwater macroinvertebrates, we suggest that Neotropical streams hold a high proportion of hidden biodiversity. Understanding this diversity is crucial in the face of increasing human disturbance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales

et al. 2020

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“…In fact, only 15 of the 426 unique haplotypes reported by Múrria et al [26] overlapped with haplotypes found here. Typically, diversification in freshwater organisms is marked by a strong geographic signature, where genetic divergence is facilitated by spatial isolation among populations [27,28]. However, the contribution of geographic isolation to diversification of Neotropical freshwater macroinvertebrates has received little attention to date [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other freshwater taxa [27,28], spatial isolation is likely a major factor driving diversification in macroinvertebrates, but few studies have tested this expectation [26,29,30]. In particular, Murria et al [26] found high frequency of unique haplotypes associated with geographical distance across watersheds in Panama.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales

Leon

Cornejo

Gavilán

et al. 2020

Preprint

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23 Aquatic macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems, but their diversity 24 remains poorly known, particularly in the tropics. This "taxonomic void" represents limits our 25 understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes in freshwater ecosystems, and the scale at 26 which they operate. We used DNA barcoding to estimate lineage diversity (and the diversity of 27 unique haplotypes) in 224 specimens of freshwater macroinvertebrates at a small spatial scale 28 within the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW). In addition, we compiled available barcoding data 29 to assess macroinvertebrate diversity at a broader spatial scale spanning the Isthmus of Panama.30 Consistently across two species delimitation algorithms (i.e., ABGD and GMYC), we found high 31 lineage diversity within the PCW, with ~ 100-106 molecular operational taxonomic units 32 (MOTUs at 2% sequence divergence) across 168 unique haplotypes. We also found a high 33 lineage diversity along the Isthmus of Panama, but this diversity peaked within the PCW. 34 However, our rarefaction/extrapolation approach showed that this diversity remains under 35 sampled. As expected, these results indicate that the diversity of Neotropical freshwater 36 macroinvertebrates is higher than previously thought, with the possibility of high endemicity 37 even at narrow spatial scales. Geographic isolation is likely a main factor shaping these patterns 38 of diversity. However, local disturbances such as the rupture of the continental divide due to the 39 construction of the Panama Canal might be reshaping these patterns of diversity at a local scale.40 Although further work is needed to better understand the processes driving diversification in 41 freshwater macroinvertebrates, we suggest that Neotropical streams represent continental islands 42 of diversity. Understanding these islands of diversity is crucial in the face of increasing human 43 disturbance. 3 44 Introduction 45 Aquatic macroinvertebrates are a fundamental component of Neotropical freshwater 46 environments. They mediate important processes such as food web dynamics, energy flow and 47 nutrient cycling, and therefore play a central role in sustaining the biodiversity and functioning 48 of freshwater ecosystems [1-3]. However, the diversity of Neotropical freshwater 49 macroinvertebrates remains poorly described, and even less is known about the processes that 50 drive their diversity, and the scale at which they operate [4]. For instance, despite considerable 51 efforts by local taxonomists [e.g., 5-8], only a limited number of species are recognized (e.g. , 52 [9,10], and most of the published literature use genus and family as a standard taxonomic unit for 53 Neotropical macroinvertebrates [9,[11][12][13][14][15]. This is partially due to the complexity of these 54 communities, which are often composed of multiple life-stages existing at the interface between 55 the terrestrial and aquatic environment [16,17]. Another limitation is the low accuracy and 56 precision of traditional morpholo...

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Inter-island local adaptation in the Galápagos Archipelago: genomics of the Galápagos blue-banded goby, Lythrypnus gilberti

Bernardi

2021

Coral Reefs

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The Galápagos Archipelago is a place where terrestrial adaptive radiations of finches, mockingbirds, and tortoises have been studied extensively. In contrast, little is known about the potential for marine species to diverge among islands. The overall degradation of coral reefs in the Galápagos makes understanding the mechanisms and factors of speciation, the engine of biodiversity, important, and timely. While speciation in marine archipelagos has been described in the past, such as for cone snails in Cabo Verde Archipelago and limpets in Hawaii, adaptive radiations in the marine environment are still rare and poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the Galápagos blue-banded goby, Lythrypnus gilberti, a small endemic fish that is found in shallow subtidal rocky habitats. Using RAD sequencing, we analyzed 19,504 loci that were either neutral, or potentially under directional selection. As expected, considering the small geographic range, population structure based on neutral markers was weak. For loci under directional selection, however, marked differences between islands suggested potential for local adaptation. Our data suggest that for marine species, where dispersal barriers are less apparent, mechanisms of local adaptation may also be at play in the Galápagos Archipelago.

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Tempo and mode of allopatric divergence in the weakly electric fish Sternopygus dariensis in the Isthmus of Panama

Cited by 16 publications

References 84 publications

Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales

Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales

Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales

Inter-island local adaptation in the Galápagos Archipelago: genomics of the Galápagos blue-banded goby, Lythrypnus gilberti

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