Temporal activity patterns suggesting niche partitioning of sympatric carnivores in Borneo, Malaysia

Nakabayashi, Miyabi; Kanamori, Tomoko; Matsukawa, Aoi; Tangah, Joseph; Tuuga, Augustine; Malim, Peter; Bernard, Henry; Ahmad, Abdul Hamid; Matsuda, Ikki; Hanya, Goro

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99341-6

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In these regions a greater proportion of both diurnal and nocturnal FD is redundant, doubtless as similar species avoid competition through temporal niche partitioning (e.g. Ferreguetti et al, 2015; Frey et al, 2017; Nakabayashi et al, 2021) or predator–prey relationships (Botts et al, 2020). Despite diurnality being more common than cathemerality ( N = 896 vs. N = 526 species, respectively), outside of the upper latitudes both diel niches contributed similar levels to mammalian FD with a greater proportion of FD being uniquely cathemeral than uniquely diurnal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle

Cox

Baker

Gardner

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: Organisms primarily influence ecosystems through their functional traits when they are physically active. Following the nocturnal bottleneck, the expansion of mammals into the daytime expanded mammalian functional diversity (FD), however there is also notable overlap in trait space across diel niches leading to redundant FD. We explore how the unique and redundant contribution of each diel niche varies spatially and in relation to natural variation in light and temperature. Location: Global.Taxon: Extant mammals.Methods: Based on five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet breadth, foraging strata, habitat breadth) for 5033 extant terrestrial mammals, we determine biogeographical variation in nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral and diurnal FD. We calculate the proportion of mammalian FD that is unique to each diel niche, and the proportion that is redundant across the daily cycle. Results:The diversification of mammals into the daytime resulted in the creation of new FD (28.5% of FD is not nocturnal; Lower Quartile 17.3%; Upper Quartile 38.2%). Most of this expansion occurred at higher latitudes where uniquely cathemeral FD dominates (>55°N, 41.1% of mammalian FD; Lower Quartile 33.3%, Upper Quartile 53.6%), associated with fewer hours of biologically useful moonlight and daylight. Where there are more hours of biologically useful daylight, unique diurnal FD is common. However, more than half of non-nocturnal FD is redundant, increasing ecosystem stability as different species carry out similar functions at different times of day, and suggesting that many mammals have not diversified far from their nocturnal ancestors.Main conclusions: Over much of the land surface more than a half of FD only occurs at night, underscoring the importance of nocturnal mammals for ecosystems.Understanding diel variation in FD not only informs on community structure and ecosystem function but also on ecosystem functional persistence in the Anthropocene, with pressures at night being particularly concerning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle

Cox

Baker

Gardner

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The temporal activity patterns of the studied species suggest daily time utilization niche partitioning and seasonal variation [ 52 ]. These daily and seasonal temporal patterns revealed the niche-partitioning mechanisms among sympatric species as well as the species coexistence mechanisms and community composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Activity Patterns of Sympatric Species in the Temperate Coniferous Forests of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Jia

Fang

et al. 2023

Animals

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Temporal niche partitioning is an important strategy for sympatric species or populations when utilizing limited resources while minimizing competition. Different resource availability across seasons may also influence the intensity of competition, resulting in a varied temporal niche partitioning pattern between species. These competitive interactions are important drivers for the formation of biodiversity patterns and species coexistence on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To clarify these interspecies relationships among sympatric species, we carried out a camera trap survey from 2017 to 2020. We deployed 60 camera traps in the temperate coniferous forests of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We analyzed the daily activity patterns of birds and mammals to reveal the temporal niches and seasonal relationships among the species-specific activity rhythms. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Eight major species, including mammals and birds, have different temporal peak activity rhythms to reduce intense competition for resources. (2) The activity rhythm of a species varies seasonally, and the competition among species is more intense in the warm season than in the cold season. (3) Among 15 pairs of competitor species, seven pairs had significantly different coefficients, with higher winter values than summer values, perhaps due to the abundance of resources in summer and the scarcity of resources in winter causing intensified competition. Among the predators and prey, the summertime coefficients were higher than those in winter, perhaps due to the need to replenish energy during the summer breeding season. The main purpose of animals in winter is to survive the harsh environment. Our results provide important information on temporal and interspecies relationships and contribute to a better understanding of species-coexistence mechanisms.

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“…Moreover, the coexistence of animals ecologically rely on the temporal activity pattern information [10]. Among the closely related sympatric species, the temporal activity patterns are critically important to understand their coexistence mechanism in relation to interspecifc competition and/or niche separation [11]. Home range extents of an animal depend largely on resource requirements [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Foraging and Ranging Patterns Suggested the Niche Partitioning of Two Sympatric Herbivores, Axis axis and Bubalus bubalis, in the Nijhum Dweep National Park of Bangladesh

Hossain

Ara

Nath

et al. 2023

International Journal of Zoology

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For proper conservation measures and to elucidate coexistence mechanism of sympatric herbivore, we assessed the temporal foraging and ranging patterns of the Axis axis (spotted deer) and feral and/or semi domesticated Bubalus bubalis (buffalos) in the Nijhum Dweep National Park (NDNP) of Bangladesh. We have collected the data by day long scan sampling method for 12 months. We found that spotted deer and buffalos, respectively, spent 50.34% and 36.41% of their total day time in foraging. To avoid clash with the larger sized buffalos in the grazing ground, the spotted deer choose a slightly different time for grazing. At least three foraging peaks were found for spotted deer, whereas, buffalos showed two foraging peaks in a day. More importantly, spotted deer relied more on browsing for their food collection although they are natural gazer, whereas, buffalos relied more on their natural grazing habit for food collection. Spotted deer spent most of their time inside the forest and forest edges, whereas, buffalos mostly spent their time in the open grazing grounds. The range of total distance moved (TDM) per day for spotted deer and buffalos was 1.56 to 2.67 km and 1.02 to 3.30 km, respectively. The total area ranged (TAR) per day were 0.23 km2 to 0.8 km2 for spotted deer and 0.03 km2 to 0.35 km2 for buffalos. Although, these two parameters varied seasonally for both species, only in case of TAR of spotted deer the variation was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). We conclude that because of the presence of a larger sympatric herbivore, the spotted deer did some alterations in their temporal foraging and ranging pattern (TFRP) to survive in the small island which has very limited resources for their existence and survival.

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Temporal activity patterns suggesting niche partitioning of sympatric carnivores in Borneo, Malaysia

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle

Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle

Temporal Activity Patterns of Sympatric Species in the Temperate Coniferous Forests of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Temporal Foraging and Ranging Patterns Suggested the Niche Partitioning of Two Sympatric Herbivores, Axis axis and Bubalus bubalis, in the Nijhum Dweep National Park of Bangladesh

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