Temporal and inter-tree variations of attack by Hypsipyla robusta moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Australian Red Cedar (Toona australis (F. Muell.) Harmes)

Mo, Jong-Suk; Tanton, M. T.; Bygrave, Fyfe L.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00017-0

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…While this study of shoot-borer herbivory in a wild tropical forest is currently unique, it is supported by much research on shoot-borer pests in tropical timber plantations and temperate forestry (e.g., Gray 1972;Newton et al 1993;Solomon 1995;Mo et al 1997aMo et al , 1997bSpeight 1997;De Groot and Schnekenburger 1999). These studies suggest that the large effects of C. stroudagnesia on T. ochracea are not unusual.…”

Section: Shoot-borer Herbivory Is Particularly Damagingmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Relatively few shoot-borer larvae can therefore have large effects on the height increment, architecture, and competitive performance of their hosts. The highest attack rates of shoot-borers are typically on intermediate-aged saplings (e.g., Gray 1972;Newton et al 1998), and typically on the most rapidly growing saplings (Price 1991;Newton et al 1993;Solomon 1995;Mo et al 1997a;Speight 1997). Shoot-borers will therefore preferentially attack and kill the top shoots of those saplings most likely to otherwise recruit to the forest canopy.…”

Section: Shoot-borer Herbivory Is Particularly Damagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Density-dependent shoot-borer herbivory increases the age of first reproduction and mortality of neotropical tree saplings

Sullivan

2003

Oecologia

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Shoot herbivory by the sapling specialist shoot-borer Cromarcha stroudagnesia (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Chrysauginae) is shown to have large direct and indirect effects on the rates of height increment and mortality of saplings of its host tree, Tabebuia ochracea (Bignoniaceae), in the secondary successional tropical dry forests of the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Experiments and field observations over 3-4 years show a substantial reduction in sapling height increments due to C. stroudagnesia herbivory, of equivalent magnitude to the difference in height increments between undamaged saplings in canopy gaps and full understorey shade. Extrapolating this data at average amounts of C. stroudagnesia herbivory increases the duration of the pre-reproductive sapling life stage by about 40% relative to undamaged plants. This is an underestimate, as top shoot herbivory by C. stroudagnesia also increased the probability of canopy gap saplings being overtopped and shaded by surrounding vegetation. Sapling mortality was increased by C. stroudagnesia herbivory, with 11.8% of the most heavily damaged young saplings dying in 3 years while no undamaged saplings died. Cromarcha stroudagnesia herbivory strongly increases with the number of conspecific T. ochracea saplings and the number of conspecific shoots within 50 m of focal saplings. It is therefore likely to disproportionately decrease the number of saplings and rate of recruitment to reproductive age in areas of high conspecific sapling density. These results suggest that sapling herbivory, especially herbivory of terminal meristems, has an important but largely unexplored influence on the population dynamics of tropical tree species. They further demonstrate that sapling herbivory by insects, in addition to the well-studied insect predation and herbivory of seedlings, is likely to influence tree species coexistence in tropical forests.

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Section: Shoot-borer Herbivory Is Particularly Damagingmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Shoot-borer Herbivory Is Particularly Damagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density-dependent shoot-borer herbivory increases the age of first reproduction and mortality of neotropical tree saplings

Sullivan

2003

Oecologia

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“…False rings can occur in T. ciliata but only in younger trees or probably in adult specimens under very extreme conditions such as total defoliation during a direct cyclone hit or a very extreme drought followed by a fire entering the rainforest, as was suggested by Herwitz et al (1998). Further statistical noise might have been incorporated through possible shootborer attacks, which have been found to occur especially in young trees growing in open and light conditions (Mo et al 1997a(Mo et al , 1997b. Since the UKV forest stand was a more open regenerating rainforest, better cross-dating results are expected from mature closed-canopy rainforest stands, if the borer infestations were a reason for the noise within the series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been observed that especially young trees growing in light conditions or even open-grown trees usually have a significantly higher borer infestation than do mature trees in closed-forest habitats. It is probable that at least several generations of the insects would occur each year but long-term fluctuations of its populations have not been reported so far (Mo et al 1997a(Mo et al , 1997b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendroclimatological potential of the Australian red cedar

Heinrich

Banks

2005

Aust. J. Bot.

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Abstract. We examined Toona ciliata M.Roemer (Australian red cedar) for its potential to deliver annually resolved tree-ring proxy data. Such proxies are valuable and sought-after sources for reconstructing climate beyond instrumental records, especially in Australia. T. ciliata was chosen because it is one of the few deciduous tree species in Australia experiencing a seasonally dormant period of the cambium. This was confirmed by a preliminary treering analysis which revealed distinct growth rings. Because of initial uncertainties regarding reliable annual growth rings in the wood of T. ciliata, a dendrometer-band study was conducted in addition to the tree-ring analysis. Stem increments revealed a common period of dormancy during winter and the measurements were found to correlate with both precipitation and temperature, depending on the site. For the first time, our tree-ring analysis demonstrated that samples from different individuals can be cross-dated and the resulting site index from Upper Kangaroo Valley (New South Wales) has the potential to reconstruct early season temperatures and late-season rainfall.

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“…Factors contributing to improved growth performance might include competition for light, in the case of height increment, along with additional positive effects of crops, such as the shading out of competing grasses, reduction of soil compaction by their roots, improved nutrient input from their foliage, and the nitrogen-�xing ability of C. cajan. It is known that taller trees with multiple shoots are affected less by shoot borers [12,55]. Inducing rapid early growth by intercropping can therefore be an effective silvicultural measure to help reduce damages by H. grandella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IntercroppingCedrela odoratawith Shrubby Crop Species to Reduce Infestation withHypsipyla grandellaand Improve the Quality of Timber

Paul

Weber

2013

ISRN Forestry

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Cultivation of Cedrela odorata, a valuable tropical hardwood species, is restricted by the mahogany shoot borer (Hypsipyla grandella), whose attacks reduce stem quality in forest plantations. is study investigated whether infestation rates would be reduced and growth performance improved by the intercropping of C. odorata tree seedlings with different crop rotations. e height increment achieved by C. odorata during the �rst two years was signi�cantly stimulated by the intercropping of maize (Zea mays), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and cassava (Manihot esculenta). Attacks of H. grandella were also considerably reduced in these treatments, compared to the control plots, while intercropping with beans and rice produced no improvement. e effect was particularly distinct when lateral competition between trees and crops was high. Accordingly stem quality was higher in the treatments featuring tall crops. Trees intercropped with C. cajan performed best in terms of height (276 cm ±93), survival (100% ±0), and quality (81% ±13.5 of trees with satisfying stem quality) aer two years. We concluded that intercropping of tree seedlings which are susceptible to H. grandella with shrubby multipurpose species can improve both tree growth and timber quality and hence increase the attractiveness of such species for reforestation.

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Temporal and inter-tree variations of attack by Hypsipyla robusta moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Australian Red Cedar (Toona australis (F. Muell.) Harmes)

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Density-dependent shoot-borer herbivory increases the age of first reproduction and mortality of neotropical tree saplings

Density-dependent shoot-borer herbivory increases the age of first reproduction and mortality of neotropical tree saplings

Dendroclimatological potential of the Australian red cedar

IntercroppingCedrela odoratawith Shrubby Crop Species to Reduce Infestation withHypsipyla grandellaand Improve the Quality of Timber

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