Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence

Yi, Richard; Landes, Reid D.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr252

Cited by 71 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…For example, environmental drug cues significantly increased demand for alcohol and tobacco (Acker & Mackillop 2013; MacKillop et al 2010b, 2012b), suggesting that drug-related associative conditioning leads to dynamic increases in demand. Similarly, acute withdrawal from nicotine significantly increased tobacco demand (MacKillop et al 2012b) and also made increased discounting even more precipitous among smokers and opiate-dependent individuals (Field et al 2006, Giordano et al 2002, Mitchell 2004, Yi & Landes 2012). In a preclinical study, a parallel relationship was reported in which morphine withdrawal increased demand for a substitute opiate (Wade-Galuska et al 2011).…”

Section: Processes Engendering Reinforcer Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavioral Economics of Substance Use Disorders: Reinforcement Pathologies and Their Repair

Bickel

Johnson

Koffarnus

et al. 2014

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

573

529

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The field of behavioral economics has made important inroads into the understanding of substance use disorders through the concept of reinforcer pathology. Reinforcer pathology refers to the joint effects of (a) the persistently high valuation of a reinforcer, broadly defined to include tangible commodities and experiences, and/or (b) the excessive preference for the immediate acquisition or consumption of a commodity despite long-term negative outcomes. From this perspective, reinforcer pathology results from the recursive interactions of endogenous person-level variables and exogenous environment-level factors. The current review describes the basic principles of behavioral economics that are central to reinforcer pathology, the processes that engender reinforcer pathology, and the approaches and procedures that can repair reinforcement pathologies. The overall goal of this review is to present a new understanding of substance use disorders as viewed by recent advances in behavioral economics.

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Section: Processes Engendering Reinforcer Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behavioral Economics of Substance Use Disorders: Reinforcement Pathologies and Their Repair

Bickel

Johnson

Koffarnus

et al. 2014

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

573

529

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In general, performance in delay and/or probability discounting tasks is associated with several maladaptive behaviors, including drug use and pathological gambling. For example, drug abusers show greater discounting of delayed monetary rewards relative to non-abusers (Bickel et al 1999; Coffey et al 2003; Madden et al 1997; Mitchell 1999; Vuchinich and Simpson 1998), although other studies show that drug users and non-users do not differ in probability discounting (Andrade and Petry 2002; Mitchell 1999; Ohmura et al 2005; Reynolds et al 2007; Yi and Landes 2012). Pathological gamblers show steeper discounting of delayed reinforcement and respond more for large, uncertain reinforcers relative to small, certain reinforcers (Madden et al 2009; Petry 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in delay and probability discounting in the rat

et al. 2014

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Rationale Discounting of delayed and probabilistic reinforcement is linked to increased drug use and pathological gambling. Understanding the neurobiology of discounting is important for designing treatments for these disorders. Glutamate is considered to be involved in addiction-like behaviors; however, the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) in discounting remains unclear. Objectives The current study examined the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor blockade on performance in delay and probability discounting tasks. Methods Following training in either delay or probability discounting, rats (n = 12, each task) received pretreatments of the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 (0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) or ketamine (0, 1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.), as well as the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX (0, 1.0, 3.0, or 5.6 mg/kg, i.p.). Hyperbolic discounting functions were used to estimate sensitivity to delayed/probabilistic reinforcement and sensitivity to reinforcer amount. Results An intermediate dose of MK-801 (0.03 mg/kg) decreased sensitivity to both delayed and probabilistic reinforcement. In contrast, ketamine did not affect the rate of discounting in either task but decreased sensitivity to reinforcer amount. CNQX did not alter sensitivity to reinforcer amount or delayed/probabilistic reinforcement. Conclusions These results show that blockade of NMDA receptors, but not AMPA receptors, decreases sensitivity to delayed/probabilistic reinforcement (MK-801) and sensitivity to reinforcer amount (ketamine). The differential effects of MK-801 and ketamine demonstrate that sensitivities to delayed/probabilistic reinforcement and reinforcer amount are pharmacologically dissociable.

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“…Abstinence increases delay discounting 31,32 and causes smokers to overestimate time. 33,34 Although sex may be an important factor in impulsive decisionmaking and time perception, no study has investigated whether sex moderates abstinence effects on impulsive decision-making and time perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence

Ashare

Kable

2015

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making, which reflects a preference for smaller, immediate rewards and often prompts a relapse to smoking. The mechanism by which nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making is not well known. An essential dimension of decision-making is time perception. Impulsive decisions reflect intolerance of temporal delays and the perception that time is passing more slowly. Sex may be an important factor in impulsive decision-making and time perception, but no studies have investigated whether sex moderates the effects of nicotine withdrawal on impulsive decision-making and time perception. Methods: Thirty-three (12 female) adult smokers completed 2 laboratory sessions: following 24-hr abstinence and once smoking-as-usual (order counterbalanced, abstinence biochemically verified). Participants completed 2 time perception tasks, a decision-making task, and self-report measures of craving, withdrawal, and mood. Results: During time reproduction, males overestimated time during abstinence compared to smoking, whereas there was no session effect for females. On the time discrimination task, smokers were less accurate during abstinence, and this effect tended to be stronger among females. In general, males had higher discounting rates compared with females, but there was no effect of abstinence. Conclusions: The current data suggest that the effect of abstinence on time perception may be stronger in males and that males generally exhibit steeper delay discounting rates. Time perception may be an important mechanism in smoking abstinence. Our future work will investigate the role of time perception in smoking relapse and whether this is moderated by sex.

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Temporal and Probability Discounting by Cigarette Smokers Following Acute Smoking Abstinence

Cited by 71 publications

References 69 publications

The Behavioral Economics of Substance Use Disorders: Reinforcement Pathologies and Their Repair

The Behavioral Economics of Substance Use Disorders: Reinforcement Pathologies and Their Repair

Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in delay and probability discounting in the rat

Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence

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