Temporal and spatial assessment of groundwater contamination with nitrate using nitrate pollution index (NPI), groundwater pollution index (GPI), and GIS (case study: Essaouira basin, Morocco)

Mountassir, Otman El; Bahir, Mohammed; Ouazar, Driss; Chehbouni, Abdelghani; Carreira, Paulà M.

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16922-8

Cited by 47 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…According to Figure 13, all IWQI values for the four campaigns (2009, 2017, 2018, and 2019) are above 50, indicating an absence of excellent water classification of drinking water. Figure 13 and Table 7 show that the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) values were relatively high from the 2009 to 2019 campaigns, and this is due to the first significant factor, which is the effect of climate change that leads to a decrease in rainfall and therefore a rise in the concentration of the major ions [11,19]. The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst tool and equation number seven were used to calculate the effective weight values of each water quality measure.…”

Section: Iwqi Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These variables will contribute to significant steps towards conserving and sustainable use of groundwater resources. However, to ensure access to safe drinking water for the growing population, it is necessary to protect and use the water supply carefully and responsibly [10][11][12]. To achieve this goal, the origins and hydrochemistry of water must be established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the critical factors contributing to the salinity of the aquifer are the proximity of the coastal aquifer to the sea, the prevalence of sand and gravel soils in the area, agricultural activity, and the hydraulic properties of the aquifer [16,17]. The chemical composition of groundwater is influenced by several factors, including precipitation composition, geological structure and mineralogy of sandy aquifers in watersheds, and geochemical processes in aquifers [10,11,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)

et al. 2022

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Groundwater is essential for both water supply and environmental conservation, especially in semi-arid and desert areas. Managing groundwater resources requires a thorough understanding of groundwater characteristics and dynamics. The hydrogeochemical properties and evolution of groundwater in the Essaouira synclinal basin in northwest Morocco were studied in this research, with 105 water samples collected in 2009, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) were developed to determine groundwater quality for consumption and irrigation purposes. The chemical evolution of groundwater is mainly dominated by evaporite, mineral carbonate dissolutions, and cation exchange. Contamination by nitrates is particularly severe in agricultural and tourist areas. The WQI of the 2019 campaign showed that 6.7% of groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking; 76.7% are poor quality water; and 13.3% are very poor-quality water; while only 3.3% are drinkable. According to IWQI, the total study area has been split into 50% (good), 43.3% (bad), and 6.6% (unfit), respectively, and no excellent groundwater areas have been identified. Therefore, the water is suitable for agriculture but must be treated for drinking. The presence of evaporation and maritime intrusion and the contribution of recent precipitations to aquifer recharging were demonstrated by stable isotope content.

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Section: Iwqi Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)

et al. 2022

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“…It is estimated that global groundwater provides 50% of the current drinking water [2]. In recent years, with the continuous growth of the global population, the amount of groundwater exploitation has increased year by year, and the problem of groundwater pollution caused by human activities has become more serious [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in a milk of lime formula of Ca 0.96 Mg 0.04 (OH) 2 with a molar mass of 73.4 g/mol. The amount of milk of lime dosed in the Fuhrberg waterworks is 30-33 g/m 3 (Figure 3); a mean value of 31.5 g/m 3 is used in the model, and 0.43 mmol Ca 0.96 Mg 0.04 (OH) 2 is added to PHREEQC as input data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of a Hydrogeochemical Model for the Groundwater Treatment Process in Waterworks

Yan

Zhu

et al. 2022

Water

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Drinking water quality is one of the most important factors affecting human health. The task of the waterworks is to purify raw water into drinking water. The quality of drinking water depends on two major factors: the raw water quality, and the treatment measures that are applied in the waterworks. Since the raw water quality develops over time, it must be determined whether the treatment measures currently used are also suitable when the raw water quality changes. For this reason, a hydrogeochemical model relevant to the drinking water quality during the treatment process was developed. By comparing the modeled results with the measured values, with the exception of chloride and sodium, all other relevant water quality parameters were consistent with one another. Therefore, the model proved to be plausible. This was also supported by the results of mass balance. The model can be used to forecast the development of drinking water quality, and can be applied as a tool to optimize the treatment measures if the raw water conditions change in the future.

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Understanding Seawater Intrusion by Hydrochemical Parameters and Stable Water Isotopes Along the Coastal Alluvial Aquifers of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco

Bahir,

el Mountassir,

Ali

2023

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Temporal and spatial assessment of groundwater contamination with nitrate using nitrate pollution index (NPI), groundwater pollution index (GPI), and GIS (case study: Essaouira basin, Morocco)

Cited by 47 publications

References 48 publications

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)

Development and Application of a Hydrogeochemical Model for the Groundwater Treatment Process in Waterworks

Understanding Seawater Intrusion by Hydrochemical Parameters and Stable Water Isotopes Along the Coastal Alluvial Aquifers of the Essaouira Basin, Morocco

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