Temporal and spatial relationships in fine particle strong acidity, sulphate, PM1O, and PM2.5 across multiple canadian locations

Brook, Jeffrey R.; Wiebe, A.; Woodhouse, Sandra A.; Audette, Céline; Dann, Tom; Callaghan, Sandra; Piechowski, Maria; Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska, Ewa; Dloughy, Joseph F.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00248-3

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, the average of the multiple sites may have been a more accurate measure of the average personal exposure to air pollution for the entire population than that measure recorded at a single site. However, fine mass and sulfate measurements collected at this site have been shown to be highly correlated (7>0.8) with concentrations over a wide area covering and extending beyond the region of interest in this study (5). Similar evidence, indicating that a single centrally located site measuring fine particulate matter and sulfates is a reasonable predictor of the average of personal exposures among populations living in urban environments, has been reported for other cities (10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Similar evidence, indicating that a single centrally located site measuring fine particulate matter and sulfates is a reasonable predictor of the average of personal exposures among populations living in urban environments, has been reported for other cities (10). Similar conclusions were also drawn for acid aerosols (11,12) although recent Toronto area measurements (5) show that spatial correlation for acid aerosols is somewhat lower (r ranges from 0.69 to 0.85) than for fine mass and sulfate measurements. As expected, the degree of spatial correlation is smallest for coarse particles (r ranges from 0.44 to 0.53).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Particulate Size and Chemistry in the Association between Summertime Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiorespiratory Diseases

Burnett¹,

Cakmak²,

Brook³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(SO4) were made independent of the mass measurements using an annular denuder system (5) colocated with the dichotomous sampler. Daily measurements were taken in the summer since this is the period of the highest concentrations of these pollutants. Missing acid and sulfate data (9%) and particle mass data (3%) were imputed using linear interpolation to obtain a complete time series for analyses.Hourly measurements of the gaseous pollutants 03, NO2, SO2, and CO and an optical measure of particulate air pollution (COH) were obtained from multiple population-based monitoring stations in metropolitan Toronto for the period concurrent with the particle measurements. The number of monitoring stations varied over the 3-year period of observation: 7-9 stations for 03, 4-6 stations for SO2, 5-6 stations for CO, 3-6 stations for COH, and 6-11 stations for NO2. The hourly measurements were averaged among stations. Three daily summary measures were then calculated for each of the 388 days of observation: daily 24-hour average (avg), daytime average readings from 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. (day), and the daily 1-hr maximum reading (max). Complete summary data were available for analyses using this method. Complete data time series were also obtained for the daily maximum temperature (T) and

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The Role of Particulate Size and Chemistry in the Association between Summertime Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiorespiratory Diseases

Burnett¹,

Cakmak²,

Brook³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the fall-time higher PM 2.5 concentration in Seoul might not be a typical trend, because the average in this season was influenced by 5 severely hazy days; the average PM 2.5 concentration was 131 g/m Ϫ3 in this episode. 5 The annual average PM 2.5 was slightly lower in concentration than that of the previous study in Seoul, but it was still a higher level than those of other cities (Chicago, IL, 24 Hamilton, Canada, 25 and New York, NY 26 ) in developed countries (Table 2). Although particulate SO 4 2Ϫ and NH 4 ϩ in Seoul showed generally a similar level to other cities, particulate NO 3 Ϫ showed the highest concentration.…”

Section: Gaseous Speciesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Kang

Kang²,

Lee

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ambient measurements were made using two sets of annular denuder system during the four seasons (April 2001 to February 2002 and were then compared with the results during the period of 1996 -1997 to estimate the trends and seasonal variations in concentrations of gaseous and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) principal species. Annual averages of gaseous HNO 3 and NH 3 increased by 11% and 6%, respectively, compared with those of the previous study, whereas HONO and SO 2 decreased by 11% and 136%, respectively. The PM 2.5 concentration decreased by ϳ17%, 35% for SO 4 2Ϫ , and 29% for NH 4 ϩ , whereas NO 3 Ϫ increased by 21%. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were 12.8 and 5.98 g/m Ϫ3

show abstract

“…The proportion of SO 4 2-in our samples was approximately 15-20% of the PM 2.5 mass, which is similar to other Canadian locations, 27 although lower than large urban sites in eastern Canada (where SO 4 2-has been shown to account for 33% of PM 2.5 mass). 28 Since we measured SO 4 2-as a marker of outdoor particles, the actual amount of SO 4 2-was not important for this purpose. Our comparison of paired personal and ambient samples indicated that personal exposures to PM 2.5 were greater than ambient levels by an average of 6.9 µg/m 3 (SD = 14.6 µg/m 3 ).…”

Section: Particulate Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations

Ebelt¹,

Petkau²,

Vedal³

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most time-series studies of particulate air pollution and acute health outcomes assess exposure of the study population using fixed-site outdoor measurements. To address the issue of exposure misclassification, we evaluate the relationship between ambient particle concentrations and personal exposures of a population expected to be at risk of particle health effects. IMPLICATIONSAs epidemiological studies aim to attribute observed health effects to outdoor air pollution, the contribution of outdoor air pollutants to population exposure must be assessed. To support time-series epidemiological studies that evaluate the health impacts of short-term changes in air pollution, an exposure metric is required for which the day-to-day variability in personal exposures reflects the variability of ambient concentrations being measured. We found that personal exposures to particulate sulfate in a group of subjects at risk for adverse health effects of particulate air pollution were highly correlated, over time, with ambient particle concentrations. Personal exposures to sulfate were highly correlated with ambient levels across all individuals and all levels of exposure, whereas correlations between personal exposures to PM 2.5 and ambient particle concentrations were lower and more variable. Overall, we have shown that a personal measure of exposure to outdoor source PM is highly related to variation in ambient levels of PM, lending support to time-series epidemiological studies.Sampling was conducted within the Vancouver metropolitan area during April-September 1998. Sixteen subjects (non-smoking, ages 54-86) with physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wore personal PM 2.5 monitors for seven 24-hr periods, randomly spaced approximately 1.5 weeks apart. Time-activity logs and dwelling characteristics data were also obtained for each subject. Daily 24-hr ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at five fixed sites spaced throughout the study region. SO 4 2-, which is found almost exclusively in the fine particle fraction and which does not have major indoor sources, was measured in all PM 2.5 samples as an indicator of accumulation mode particulate matter of ambient origin.The mean personal and ambient PM 2.5 concentrations were 18 µg/m 3 and 11 µg/m 3 , respectively. In analyses relating personal and ambient measurements, ambient concentrations were expressed either as an average of the values obtained from five ambient monitoring sites for each day of personal sampling, or as the concentration obtained at the ambient site closest to each subject's home. metric, the median r between personal and average ambient concentrations was 0.96 (range = 0.66 to 1.0). Use of the closest ambient site did not improve the median correlation of the group for either PM 2.5 or SO 4 2-. All pooled analyses resulted in lower correlation coefficients than the median correlation coefficient of individual regressions. Personal SO 4 2-was more highly correlated with all ambient measures than PM 2.5 ....

show abstract

Temporal and spatial relationships in fine particle strong acidity, sulphate, PM1O, and PM2.5 across multiple canadian locations

Cited by 67 publications

References 22 publications

The Role of Particulate Size and Chemistry in the Association between Summertime Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiorespiratory Diseases

The Role of Particulate Size and Chemistry in the Association between Summertime Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiorespiratory Diseases

Source Identification and Trends in Concentrations of Gaseous and Fine Particulate Principal Species in Seoul, South Korea

Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About