Temporal and Spatial Satellite Data Augmentation for Deep Learning-Based Rainfall Nowcasting

Abstract

Climate change has been associated with alterations in precipitation patterns and increased vulnerability to floods and droughts. The need for improvements in forecasting and monitoring approaches has become imperative due to flash floods and severe flooding. Rainfall prediction is a challenging but critical issue owing to the complexity of atmospheric processes, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and the dependency of this variability on several nonlinear factors. Because excessive rainfall is the cause of natural disasters such as floods and landslides, accurate real-time rainfall nowcast is critical for the necessary precautions, control, and planning. In this study, rainfall nowcasting has been studied utilizing NASA Giovanni satellite-derived precipitation products and the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) approach, which is a variation of LSTM. Due to data requirements of deep learning-based prediction methods, data augmentation is performed using interpolation techniques. The study utilized three types of satellite-derived rainfall data, including spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal interpolated rainfall data, to conduct a comparative analysis of the results obtained through nowcasting rainfall. This research examines two catastrophic floods that transpired in Türkiye Marmara Region in 2009 and Central Black Sea Region in 2021, which are selected as the focal case studies. It also explores the suitability of a nowcast model for various flood events, while also examining the impact of data augmentation on the nowcast.

Coping with Information Extraction from In-Situ Data Acquired in Natural Streams

“…The immediate processes necessary in preparing the acquired experimental evidence for usage are data cleaning (for removing outliers) and data conditioning over time and space (used herein to broadly define procedures such as filtering, denoising, smoothing, interpolation (Baydaroğlu and Demir, 2023), and extrapolation). These data pre-processing steps are critical for enabling the extraction of useful information from data (Muste et al, 2017).…”