Temporal and spatial structure of the X-ray emission in a low-energy vacuum spark

Skowbronek, M.; Romeas, P.; Choi, P.

doi:10.1109/27.41190

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This scenario is in general agreement with that described in reference [3]. However, in the different experiments we have performed [7][8][9], no evidence of a cathode plasma has been found. Moreover, no x-rays have been detected in any place except in the vicinity of the anode.…”

Section: Expansion Of the Anode Vapoursupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The effect of the cloud expansion has been examined, using an x-ray chemical analysis of the surface of the cathode in case I. A uniform layer of tungsten is observed in the crater of the cathode [6][7][8].…”

Section: Expansion Of the Anode Vapourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of a hollow cathode is shown to produce electron beams which are more or less focused. We have described in previous papers [6][7][8][9] some results obtained at low pressure using time integrated imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray spots emitted in a hollow cathode ns-discharge

Skowronek¹,

Ikhlef²,

Louvet³

et al. 1996

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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A hollow cathode discharge using a tungsten pointed anode is fed by a low power Marx generator (1 J, 70 kV, 50 ns). The x-ray emission duration varies from 20 to 10 ns in the pressure range 10 −6 -5 × 10 −1 mbar, in air. The spatial distribution of the emitting sites has been determined, using a sensitive imaging device with a 5 ns exposure time, in the same range of pressures. This emission is strongly influenced by the occurrence of the 'pseudo-spark' regime. X-rays are emitted by different mechanisms: (a) electron bremsstrahlung and by Auger cascade associated with particle emission from the Teflon insulator and also tungsten (L α and L β ) characteristic lines; (b) pinching and collapse of the hot plasma surrounding the anode and the insulator. X-ray spots are observed. Their number is about 200 per shot, their radius is less than 40 µm and their emission intensity is compatible with that of a dense plasma: N e = (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10 20 cm −3 with a temperature in the range 100 eV to 1 keV. Some of them are seen to follow linear trajectories, suggesting a 1 ns period wave propagation at 300 km s −1 which triggers the collapse.

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Section: Expansion Of the Anode Vapoursupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Expansion Of the Anode Vapourmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

X-ray spots emitted in a hollow cathode ns-discharge

Skowronek¹,

Ikhlef²,

Louvet³

et al. 1996

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…A triggered VS needs an auxiliary power source or a high power pulsed laser synchronized with the VS discharge. Usually two distinct phases of x-ray emission are reported (Cohen et al 1968, Skowronek et al 1989. The first phase refers to the beam target x-rays emanating from the anode and the second phase is associated with pinching and subsequent breakup of the pinched plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory studies on a passively triggered vacuum spark

Rout

Auluck

Nagpal

et al. 1999

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The results of an experimental investigation on a passively triggered vacuum spark device are presented. The diagnostics include the current, x-ray and optical emission measurements. The sharp dips in the current derivative signal indicate the occurrence of pinching at an early stage of the discharge (at current 5 kA). A well-confined plasma with a central hot region was recorded using a streak camera. The pinched plasma was observed to undergo kink-type oscillations with a time period of 10-15 ns. Repeated plasma fronts were seen to move from the anode to the cathode with an average velocity of 5 × 106 cm s-1. Soft x-ray emission having a radiation intensity of a few hundred mR per discharge was observed. The x-ray signals obtained using photodiodes showed multiple bursts. A soft x-ray pinhole camera recorded micro-pinches of 100 µm. The x-ray emitting regions were confined to the inter-electrode gap. The x-ray emission characteristics were influenced by the electrolytic resistance, which was connected across the spark gap to initiate discharge.

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“…The analysis of this process indicates that optimal conditions for generating X-rays occur a t the stage of the discharge development when there is a high current flowing in the presence of the HV [2,3]. As soon as the discharge develops into the arc stage, the voltage in the electrode gap is lowered considerably with the simultaneous intensity of radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray emission accompanying cathode microdischarge

Mazurek

Nowak

Tyman

1993

IEEE Trans. Elect. Insul.

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Electrical discharge in vacuum is accompanied by X-ray radiation. Knowledge of the generation mechanism of radiation may lead to its practical use. The analysis of this phenomenon indicates that it is only at the discharge development phase until the moment of the anode plasma generation that the proper conditions for X-ray generation are satisfied. The intensity of radiation is dependent on the field current intensity on the cathode surface as well as on the value of the electron current supplying the anode. The anode current at the vacuum discharge development phase has a pulse character, and the pulse amplitude is dependent on the cathode plasma density. The radiation intensity may be increased by increasing the current amplitude, e.g. by artificial plasma generation in the trigger system.

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Temporal and spatial structure of the X-ray emission in a low-energy vacuum spark

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

X-ray spots emitted in a hollow cathode ns-discharge

X-ray spots emitted in a hollow cathode ns-discharge

Exploratory studies on a passively triggered vacuum spark

X-ray emission accompanying cathode microdischarge

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