Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve and Its Relationship to Fascial Layers

Abstract

An easy and safe surgical approach in this area is to elevate the superficial layer deep to the intermediate fat pad directly on the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia descending to the periosteum along the zygomatic arch.

Half forehead reconstruction with a single rotational scalp flap for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans treatment

“…It supplies innervation to the corrugator supercilii, frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles [16]. Surgical injury to this nerve leads to inability to elevate the eyebrows and brow ptosis.…”

Short‐flap facelift with 924 nm/975 nm laser lipolysis: a retrospective study of 78 patients

“…) . A deep plane is next established with a superior horizontal dissection line anterior to Pitanguay's line out over the zygomaticus muscles. The deep plane in the Mid‐SMAS region extends anteriorly to the edge of the masateric fascia.…”

15 Endoscopic Forehead and Midface Lift

“…These two layers envelop the intermediate temporal fat pad. 17 Underneath the deep layer is the deep temporal fat pad. Overlying the temple and the lateral brow region, the superficial temporal fascia is firmly bonded to the overlying skin while it is loosely attached to the deep temporal fascia.…”

“…We believe that elevating all these tissues helps provide an additional layer to insulate the frontal branch from thermal or mechanical trauma. 17 A lateral 1-cm cuff of tissue is preserved at the lateral canthus to prevent permanent distortion postoperatively. The periosteum over the entire superior aspect of the Fig.…”