Temporal Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Among Bacteria Isolated from Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, 2003-2015

Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Harrington, Tyler; Fair, Patricia A.; McCarthy, Peter J.; Reif, John S.

doi:10.1578/am.45.5.2019.533

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Resistance of E. coli strains to these antibiotics has been documented in free-ranging and captive dolphins. 47,60 Penicillium sp. likely represented an environmental contaminant rather than a pathogen in the latter case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

et al. 2020

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Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV; Paramyxoviridae) is the most significant pathogen of cetaceans worldwide. The novel “multi-host” Guiana dolphin ( Sotalia guianensis; GD)-CeMV strain is reported in South American waters and infects Guiana dolphins and southern right whales ( Eubalaena australis). This study aimed to describe the pathologic findings, GD-CeMV viral antigen distribution and detection by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), and infectious comorbidities in 29 Guiana dolphins that succumbed during an unusual mass-mortality event in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, between November 2017 and March 2018. The main gross findings were lack of ingesta, pulmonary edema, ascites, icterus, hepatic lipidosis, multicentric lymphadenomegaly, as well as pneumonia, polyserositis, and multiorgan vasculitis caused by Halocercus brasiliensis. Microscopically, the primary lesions were bronchointerstitial pneumonia and multicentric lymphoid depletion. The severity and extent of the lesions paralleled the distribution and intensity of morbilliviral antigen. For the first time in cetaceans, morbilliviral antigen was detected in salivary gland, optic nerve, heart, diaphragm, parietal and visceral epithelium of glomeruli, vulva, and thyroid gland. Viral antigen within circulating leukocytes suggested this as a mechanism of dissemination within the host. Comorbidities included disseminated toxoplasmosis, mycosis, ciliated protozoosis, and bacterial disease including brucellosis. These results provide strong evidence for GD-CeMV as the main cause of this unusual mass-mortality event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

et al. 2020

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“…For example, Lockwood et al [17] observed that only one antibiotic was observed capable of killing or inhibiting growth of all the isolates tested from harbor seals in the northern Salish Sea, while in bacterial isolates from vertebrates off the northeastern USA coast, 58% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 43% to more than one [40]. Isolates (n = 733) originating from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) on the east coast of Florida, USA over the periods 2003-2007 and 2010-2015 had an overall 88.2% prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria in Two Marine Mammal Species, Harbor Seals and Harbor Porpoises, Living in an Urban Marine Ecosystem, the Salish Sea, Washington State, USA

Norman

Lambourn

Huggins

et al. 2021

Oceans

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The pervasive use of antibiotics in human medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture can result in a significant increase in the spread and environmental persistence of antibiotic resistance in marine ecosystems. This study describes the presence and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Salish Sea harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and evaluates species, age class, and geographic differences in resistance patterns. Isolates from 95 dead-stranded animals (74 seals/21 porpoises) were tested for resistance to a suite of 15 antibiotics. Of the 95 sampled, 85 (89%) (67 seals/18 porpoises) successfully yielded 144 isolates, with 37% resistant to at least one antibiotic and 26% multi-drug resistant (24% and 39% of seal and porpoise isolates, respectively). Overall, and by study region, porpoises were significantly more likely to harbor resistant organisms compared to seals. Significant differences between age classes were noted for the antibiotics amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefovecin. Overall isolate resistance was significantly greater in porpoises than seals for several individual antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices greater than 0.2 were observed in 55% of multi-drug resistant isolates, suggesting seal and porpoise exposure to anthropogenic pollution. The relatively high and disparate prevalence of antibiotic resistance in these common, but ecologically dissimilar, marine mammals reflects a potentially large environmental pool of antibiotic resistant organisms in the Salish Sea or inherently different resistance gene patterns between the two species.

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“…Although it is considered to include potential pathogens to humans and animals ( 52 , 66 ), in the present study, its high abundance was not related to any pathogenies in the two pups. Edwardsiella has been associated with diseased cetaceans ( 67 ) while pathogenic species, like Edwardsiella tarda , have been isolated from non-diseased animals ( 48 , 68 , 69 ). This bacterium could be a threat for the released pups, as its abundance seemed to increase toward the end of the rehabilitation period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal and skin microbiota of two rescued Mediterranean monk seal pups during rehabilitation

Dosi,

Meziti,

Tounta

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The role of animal host-associated microbiomes is becoming more apparent and defined for wild animals, especially for the species under conservation strategies. This study investigated the succession of fecal and skin bacterial microbiota of two rescued female Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus ) pups for most of their rehabilitation period. Bacterial species richness and diversity were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of nine freshly collected fecal samples and four skin swabs per individual. Both the fecal and skin microbiota highly overlapped in their containing operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and abundance patterns. The fecal microbiota was separated in two distinct periods and was dominated by OTUs related to the Shigella , Streptococcus , Enterococcus , Lactobacillus, and Escherichia genera in the first period, while in the second period, the dominating genera were the Clostridium, Blautia, Fusobacterium, Edwardsiella, and Bacteroides . The skin microbiota was highly similar between the two individuals in each sampling and was dominated by Psychrobacter-, Elizabethkingia-, and Bergeyella -related OTUs. The provided antibiotic treatment, along with the provided probiotics and nutritional supplements, resulted in a major turnover of the bacterial microbiota with the potentially detrimental OTUs being eliminated toward the end of the rehabilitation period, prior to the release of the pups in the wild. IMPORTANCE This study showed that during the rehabilitation of two rescued Mediterranean monk seal pups ( Monachus monachus ), the skin and fecal bacterial communities showed similar succession patterns between the two individuals. This finding means that co-housed pups share their microbiomes, and this needs to be considered in cases of infection outbreaks and their treatment. The housing conditions, along with the feeding scheme and care protocols, including the admission of antibiotics as prophylaxis, probiotics, and essential food supplements, resulted in bacterial communities with no apparent pathogenic bacteria. This is the first contribution to the microbiome of the protected seal species of M. monachus and contributes to the animal’s conservation practices through its microbiome.

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Temporal Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Among Bacteria Isolated from Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, 2003-2015

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria in Two Marine Mammal Species, Harbor Seals and Harbor Porpoises, Living in an Urban Marine Ecosystem, the Salish Sea, Washington State, USA

Fecal and skin microbiota of two rescued Mediterranean monk seal pups during rehabilitation

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