Temporal changes of the oral and fecal microbiota after mild traumatic brain injury in rats by 16s rRNA sequencing

Abstract

Background Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) could increase the risk of neurodegenerative-related diseases, and the serious long-term outcomes were often overlooked. The accurate identification of mTBI became fully urgent for the diagnosis and prevention of the long-term outcomes. In forensic science, the accurate identification of mTBI will directly affect the application of evidences in practice case. Recent researches have revealed that oral cavity and fecal microbiota played a fundamental role in deeply interconnecting gut and brain injury prevention and recovery by regulating immune homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the temporal changes of oral cavity and fecal bacterial communities and damage identification and post-injury time estimation after mTBI. Results In this study, we analyzed the oral cavity and fecal bacterial communities in mTBI rats under the 12 different post-injury times (sham, 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d, 14 d post-injury) using 16s rRNA sequencing technology. The sequence results revealed bacteria belonging to 36 phyla, 82 classes, 211 orders, 360 families, 751 genera, and 1398 species. Compared to the sham group, the relative abundance of the bacterial communities varied markedly in the post-injury groups. Conclusions Importantly, our data demonstrated that Fusobacteria, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae might be the potential candidates for mTBI identification and the 2 h post-injury was a critical time point to explore the temporal changes of mTBI injury-time estimation. And the results could also provide new ideas for mTBI treatment in the clinic.

The coming future: The role of the oral–microbiota–brain axis in aroma release and perception

“…Compared to that in the control group, the relative abundance of bacterial communities in the postinjury groups varied significantly. The data indicated Fusobacteria , Prevotellaceae , Ruminococcaceae , and Lactobacillaceae as potential markers for mTBI (Wang et al., 2023). In a separate study, 20 PD patients were compared with 20 healthy controls.…”

Importance of good hosting: reviewing the bi-directionality of the microbiome-gut-brain-axis

“…In animal models, modifications in enteric microbial communities have been observed soon after experimental TBI ( Wang et al, 2023 ), and this again may have been induced by stress hormones affecting gut permeability ( Mizoguchi et al, 2023 ). Altered microbiome profiles can be also triggered by ischemic stroke ( Tan et al, 2021 ), which is supported by evidence from rodent mechanistic studies ( Pluta et al, 2021 ).…”