Temporal characteristics of agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis after applying whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique

Zhang, Yan; Meng, Hui; Lyu, Feifei; Fan, Xiaohong; Liu, Peiwei; He, Xin; Huang, Ying; Chen, Bin; Yang, Yun; Wei, Jianhe

doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2022.07.003

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Mohamed et al (2013) and Faizal et al (2022) stated that living ray parenchyma was the only cells synthesizing agarwood resin. Zhang et al (2022) also reported that agarwood was mainly formed and accumulated in ray cells and interxylary phloem. Furthermore, the abundant ray in G. versteegii in Pacitan might cause the trees' bigger diameter.…”

Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

ADIMAHAVIRA,

LUKMANDARU,

PUJIARTI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Adimahavira A, Lukmandaru G, Pujiharti R, Prastiwi FW, Nugroho WD. 2023. The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites. Biodiversitas 24: 4590-4598. Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is an agarwood (Gaharu)-producing species with a unique color and very expensive fragrance. Even so, studies on the effects of growing sites on the wood anatomical structure of several parts of G. versteegii have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the anatomical structure of G. versteegii on the tree's root, stem, and branch at two different growing sites. Three five-year-old G. versteegii trees from Pacitan and Klaten Districts (Indonesia) were used for the experiment and were harvested from the root, stem, and branch. The wood samples were then put in a glutaraldehyde solution for 24 hours and later in an alcohol solution. The samples were sliced in microtome (15-20 µm) and observed in the transverse, tangential, and radial sections. The results showed that the anatomical characteristics, such as vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, interxylary phloem proportion, and frequency differed significantly between growing sites. Furthermore, fiber length, vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, and interxylary phloem proportion significantly differed among plant parts. In addition, the branch part has the highest interxylary phloem value, indicating the possibility of a high agarwood resin deposit when agarwood stimulation is applied.

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Section: Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

ADIMAHAVIRA,

LUKMANDARU,

PUJIARTI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…Traditionally, agarwood formation is induced by wounding, holing, nailing, and chopping the trunks and branches of Aquilaria trees. According to the latest hypothesis, agarwood formation is due to plant defence [57]. When an Aquilaria tree is wounded, damage signals are induced and transmitted to activate the defence response, which subsequently leads to the production of defensive substances such as sesquiterpenes and phenylethyl chromone derivatives [57].…”

Section: Agarwoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the latest hypothesis, agarwood formation is due to plant defence [57]. When an Aquilaria tree is wounded, damage signals are induced and transmitted to activate the defence response, which subsequently leads to the production of defensive substances such as sesquiterpenes and phenylethyl chromone derivatives [57]. Natural agarwood resin production is inefficient and yields are low; thus, it is difficult to meet global demand, so different methods have been applied to stimulate biological agarwood induction, and the use of endophytic fungi is one of the methods [57].…”

Section: Agarwoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophyte fungi from Agarwood and Mangrove and their applications

Elkhateeb,

El-Ghwas,

Daba

2023

JMR

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Mangroves are woody trees or shrubs salt marsh halophytes that encompass over 75% of the tropical coastline on the planet. Mangroves are characterized by their sophisticated morphological and physiological adaptations as well as their rich synthesis of biologically active secondary metabolites. They also contribute in decreasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. On the other hand, agarwood, is an aromatic perfumed precious heartwood of diseased timber of Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees that is used centuries ago till now as incense in religious ceremonies, raw material in the perfume industry and as a medicine. Agarwood formation is usually induced by wounding trunks and branches of Aquilaria trees. Production of natural agarwood resin is inefficient and don’t meet global demand, so different methods have been applied to stimulate biological agarwood induction, and using endophytic fungi is one of the methods. Hence, this review highlights the importance of endophytic fungi in mangroves and agarwood, their existence and some of their important biological activities.

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“…It holds a prominent position as the sole primary source of domestic medicinal agarwood in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, possessing significant medicinal and economic value. The aromatic resin known as agarwood is secreted in the wounds of the stems, and it is activated by plant defense responses when subjected to injury, insect pests, or microbe-attacked [ 2 , 3 ].The use of agarwood in traditional Chinese medicine encompasses pain relief, digestion promotion, antiemetic effects, and sedation [ 4 ]. Contemporary pharmacological research has revealed that agarwood essential oil possesses antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial, and sedative properties [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome in Different Tissue Sites of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg

Wang,

Liu,

Huang

2024

Molecules

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The resinous stem of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg is the sole legally authorized source of agarwood in China. However, whether other tissue parts can be potential substitutes for agarwood requires further investigation. In this study, we conducted metabolic analysis and transcriptome sequencing of six distinct tissues (root, stem, leaf, seed, husk, and callus) of A. sinensis to investigate the variations in metabolite distribution characteristics and transcriptome data across different tissues. A total of 331 differential metabolites were identified by chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which 22.96% were terpenoids. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA sequencing were enriched in sesquiterpene synthesis via the mevalonate pathway. The present study establishes a solid foundation for exploring potential alternatives to agarwood.

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Temporal characteristics of agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis after applying whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

Endophyte fungi from Agarwood and Mangrove and their applications

Comparative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome in Different Tissue Sites of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg

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