Temporal characterization of femtosecond laser pulses induced plasma for spectrochemical analysis of aluminum alloys

Assessment of the concentration of Cr, Mn and Fe in sediment using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…The limit of detection of LIBS was calculated based on International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition using the certified reference materials used for calibration with the lowest concentration (mass fraction) of each analyte [13,18,43,44]. Accordingly it was calculated using the equation: limit of detection (LOD) = 3σ b /S, where σ b is the standard deviation of the background (noise level) and S is the calibration sensitivity (S = slope of the calibration curve) which is the ratio of the line intensity to the concentration.…”

“…), the sample homogeneity and the sampling geometry (distance from the focusing lens to the sample, focal length of the collecting lens, fiber optics, etc. ), surrounding atmosphere and the binding material used for the pellet preparation of samples in powder forms [13,16,22,25]. The application of LIBS to sediment samples has advantages such as rapid analysis technique, requires no or little sample preparation (except homogenisation and pellet preparation), portable, possibility of remote sensing and stand-off detection [20,24,26].…”

Dynamics of strong-field laser-induced microplasma formation in noble gases

“…An order of magnitude decrease in the electron temperature of Xe plasma is observed within the first 250 ps after the plasma formation. Tracking such rapid dynamics was made possible in our measurements because the temporal resolution is increased by several orders of magnitude compared to the previous nanosecond measurements [29,30,33,34]. The e> [35] , and provide a complement to the h lower values of p I is manifest in the intensity evolution of the FWM signal generated in the micro-plasma.…”

“…The Stark-broadening of emission lines provides an additional means to measure electron density [27,28], and this method has recently been used to compare the electron dynamics for femtosecond and nanosecond laser-induced plasmas [29,30]. Spectroscopic analysis has also been employed to measure the electron temperature dynamics in plasmas generated with fs duration pulses [29,30].…”

“…Spectroscopic analysis has also been employed to measure the electron temperature dynamics in plasmas generated with fs duration pulses [29,30]. Several methods have been used including the Boltzmann relation, and the relative line-to-continuum intensity ratio [31,32], both of which are based on the condition of local thermal equilibrium.…”