Temporal Context Cues Harm Recognition Memory, but Task Context Cues Do Not

Annis, Jeff; Malmberg, Kenneth J.; Criss, Amy H.; Shiffrin, Richard M.

doi:10.1037/e502412013-126

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“…When a study list consists of a random sample of words from the language and when the words are presented in succession, item features change randomly from trial to trial. In contrast to the rapidly changing item features, changes in context reflect significant changes in tasks, goals, setting, and so on, and therefore the context on trial n is likely to be very similar to the context on trial n − 1 (e.g., Annis, Malmberg, Criss, & Shiffrin, 2012; Klein, Shiffrin, & Criss, 2007). Because the goals and activities of the subject change when the task changes, a more significant change in context occurs between the study phase and the testing phase of the experiment (Lehman & Malmberg, 2009).…”

Section: A Buffer Model Of Encoding and Temporal Correlations In Retr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A buffer model of memory encoding and temporal correlations in retrieval.

Lehman¹,

Malmberg²

2013

Psychological Review

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130

152

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Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) dual-store model of memory includes structural aspects of memory along with control processes. The rehearsal buffer is a process by which items are kept in mind and long-term episodic traces are formed. The model has been both influential and controversial. Here, we describe a novel variant of Atkinson and Shiffrin's buffer model within the framework of the retrieving effectively from memory theory (REM; Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) that accounts for findings previously thought to be difficult for such models to explain. This model assumes a limited-capacity buffer where information is stored about items, along with information about associations between items and between items and the context in which they are studied. The strength of association between items and context is limited by the number of items simultaneously occupying the buffer (Lehman & Malmberg, 2009). The contents of the buffer are managed by complementary processes of rehearsal and compartmentalization (Lehman & Malmberg, 2011). New findings that directly test a priori predictions of the model are reported, including serial position effects and conditional and first recall probabilities in immediate and delayed free recall, in a continuous distractor paradigm, and in experiments using list-length manipulations of single-item and paired-item study lists.

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Section: A Buffer Model Of Encoding and Temporal Correlations In Retr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an overly simplified model of what occurs during the retention interval, as the distractor activities are likely very different from what occurs during study (cf. Annis et al, 2012). However, for present purposes, the additional considerations would only complicate matters.…”

Section: Formal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%