“…This is most likely due to the fact that researchers have rather been focusing on specific BDA tasks such as, for example, supporting innovations or competitive advantage (Häikiö and Koivumäki, 2016;Lusch and Nambisan, 2015;Serrat, 2017), big data analytics in healthcare (Chen, Leung, Shang, and Wen, 2020;Dinov, 2016;Lin et al, 2014), and business transformation (Kayser et al, 2018;Wang, Conboy, and Cawley, 2018). Both Lin et al (2014) and Chen et al (2020) addressed the topic of temporality within their respective methodologies. The former group suggests a new data architecture that is based on NoSQL, while the other group proposes a temporal algorithm for processing COVID-19 epidemiological data; however, neither group provides a framework for the deployment of big data.…”