Temporal development of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon profiles of different grape varieties during ripening

Abstract

To investigate the profiles of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berries at different developmental stages several cultivars of Vitis vinifera (Gewürztraminer, Riesling, Yellow Muscat, Shiraz, Lemberger, Cabernet Sauvignon) were analysed during ripening. Therefore, HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS measurements were performed with intact grape berries. The measurements demonstrated that grapes emit numerous sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and that the sesquiterpene profile exhibits a characteristic profile, depending on the variety and the developmental stage. In particular, bicylic sesquiterpenes with a cadinane backbone increased during ripening, while acyclic sesquiterpenes such as (E,E)‐α‐farnesene decreased, except for Gewürztraminer which shows increasing amounts of acyclic sesquiterpenes towards harvest. Furthermore, the profiles of the emitted sesquiterpenes differed significantly. In particular, Gewürztraminer possessed remarkably high amounts of (E,E)‐α‐farnesene, (3E,6Z)‐α‐farnesene and (E,E)‐methylfarnesoate, while the sesquiterpene profiles of Riesling, Lemberger, Shiraz and Yellow Muscat were dominated by bi‐ and polycyclic sesquiterpenes. Cabernet Sauvignon showed only minor profile changes during ripening and its comparatively low sesquiterpene hydrocarbon amounts were dominated by (E)‐β‐caryophyllene, α‐humulene and an unidentified sesquiterpene. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Determination of Sesquiterpenes in Wines by HS-SPME Coupled with GC-MS

“…Sesquiterpenes are synthesized via the mevalonate (MVA) pathway localized in the cytosol and the remarkable diversity of sesquiterpenes is generated by the large family of sesquiterpene synthases (TPS-a), recently discovered in grapes, each producing multiple substrates [29]. Further research demonstrated that grapes produce numerous sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with a characteristic profile depending on the variety and the developmental stage [30].…”

Effects of cluster thinning on wine quality of Syrah cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.)

“…Rotundone concentration in musts and wines may depend on several factors such as cultivar, region, and mesoclimate; in particular, low temperatures may result in increased rotundone accumulation [17], and in effect, it was not been identified in Syrah samples from Mediterranean area [23].…”

“…As regards Syrah wine volatiles, information is reported in literature on Australian wines from vines cultivated in cool and warm climate grape-growing regions and mainly on the key aroma compounds responsible for the peppery notes [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Different coatings for the HS-SBSE grape volatile analysis in model solution: Preliminary results

“…SBSE-PDMS has a stationary phase volume much more higher respect to SPME-PDMS: the maximum volume of PDMS in a SPME fiber is 0.5 microliter (film thickness of 100 micrometer) whereas PDMS in SBSE can provide from 24 to 126 microliters of volume. Thus, the sensitivity of PDMS-SBSE is higher, resulting in a higher volatile extraction respect to SPME and in the detection and identification of compounds present at very low concentrations, such as sesquiterpenes (May & Wüst, 2012;Ferrandino, Carlomagno, Baldassarre & Schubert, 2012) or malodors in wastewaters (Loughrin, 2006). PDMS stir bars were also used for the detection of stilbene molecules in wines (Cacho, Campillo, Viñas & Hernández-Córdoba, 2013).…”