Temporal Disappointment, Homicide and Suicide: An Analysis of Nonwhites and Whites

Stack, Steven

doi:10.1080/00380237.1995.10571056

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Gabennesch's 'broken-promise effect' has been explored in many studies, which have indeed given some support to his theories [31,32] . Financial loss or job loss and unemployment may contribute to the risk of suicide attributable to economic reasons [33] , and these influences may vary by season: for farmers and tourism workers autumn may represent a time of temporary underemployment, with consequent increased economic troubles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Suicide: Relationship with the Reason for Suicide

Rocchi

Sisti

Miotto³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychobiology

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Aims: This study set out to test the hypothesis that the suicides that can be attributed to a psychiatric illness show a higher seasonality than the suicides due to any other reason. Methods: All the suicides registered in Italy from 1984 to 2000 (57,796 deaths by suicide: males = 41,741, yearly rate = 11.3 per 100,000; females = 16,055, yearly rate = 4.0 per 100,000) were analyzed with circular statistic techniques, based on the maximization of mean vector length method and on the Rayleigh test. Results: The suicides clearly attributed to a psychiatric illness were 35.0% among males and 51.3% among females. An economic reason for suicide was more frequently found among males; somatic illness or sentimental reasons were equally distributed in both sexes. The suicides attributable to a psychiatric illness showed a significantly higher seasonal unevenness than the suicides attributable to somatic illness and to sentimental or economic reasons. Conclusions: The main drawback of this study is that psychiatric diagnoses were not formally assessed by a forensic specialist. However, it succeeded in showing that the dynamics of suicidal behaviour are not unilineal: suicides due to psychiatric or somatic illness mainly happen in spring/summer and those due to economic difficulties mainly in December. Patients with psychiatric and/or somatic illness should be more carefully followed in spring/summer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Suicide: Relationship with the Reason for Suicide

Rocchi

Sisti

Miotto³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Both divorce rates (Lester, 1993;Stack & Wassennan, 1993;Fernquist, 2000) and unemployment rates (Lester, 1994a) are associated with increased suicide and homicide rates in the United States due to decreased social integration and increased anomie. Further, Stack (1995) finds that there is seasonal variation in suicides and homicides across the nation, with peaks in suicide occurring in the spring and peaks for homicide occurring during the summer.…”

Section: Impact Of Baseball and Hockey Strikesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although we have no data measuring how disappointed per se people felt during the 1994-1995 strikes, we use monthly suicide and homicide rates as proxy measures of disappointment just as Stack (1995) and Phillips and Wills (1987) have done previously. Therefore, increases or decreases in monthly suicide and homicide rates should give an indication of the level of serious disappointment that occurred before, during, and after the strikes.…”

Section: Impact Of Baseball and Hockey Strikesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1994–1995 Baseball and Hockey Strikes and their Impact on Suicide and Homicide Rates in the United States

Fernquist

2002

Archives of Suicide Research

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“…Whereas the latter showed a seasonal pattern of aggressiveness, with statistically significant Spring and Winter peaks, schizophrenic aggressive patients were evenly distributed throughout the year. The recurrence of seasonal episodes in bipolar disorders and the chances of aggression seem to be related, yet male and female patients exhibit specific trends, which are likely to be Michael and Zumpe (1983) Annual rhythms of forcible rape and aggravated assault in the United States Anderson (1987) Seasonal variations in violent crimes in the United States, with Spring and Summer peaks Cohn and Rotton (1997) Seasonal variations in violent crimes in Minneapolis, with spring and summer peaks Morken and Linaker (2000) Seasonal variations of violent crimes in Norway, with May-June and OctoberNovember peaks Stack (1995) Seasonality in homicide among both white and black people, with August peaks Tiihonen and co-workers (1997) Seasonality of homicide in Finland, with Summer peaks Lombroso (1999Lombroso ( , 1918 Seasonality in political rebellions and riots across countries, with peaks in the Summer months Schreiberg and co-workers (1991) Seasonality in the dates of the bursting of wars and other acts of hostility dependent on gender-based differences in the function of neuro-hormonal systems influencing both mood and aggressive behaviour. D'Mello and co-workers [1995] examined the records of 377 bipolar disorder patients admitted to a general inpatient psychiatric unit in central Michigan in a 6-year period.…”

Section: Chrono-epidemiology Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studying US mortality data for 1969-1978, Warren and co-workers [1983 found a significant seasonal pattern for homicides, with two peak times: July-September and December. Stack [1995], also working on US National Mortality Files, reported a trend toward a higher number of homicides in Summer months, with a peak in August. Tiihonen and co-workers [1997a] found clear seasonality in the distribution of homicides in Finland, with peaks in Summer and troughs in Winter.…”

Section: Chrono-epidemiology Of Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric chrono‐epidemiology: its relevance for the study of aggression

Preti

Miotto²,

Coppi³

et al. 2002

Aggressive Behavior

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Chrono-epidemiology is the study of the distribution of health events according to time. The time intervals taken into account have cyclic patterns and include circadian, weekly, seasonal, and circannual rhythms. In the behavioural field, chrono-epidemiology can be and has been applied to studies concerning the causes of death (suicide and homicide), clinical events such as admissions to and contacts with mental healthcare services, and the seasonal distribution of crime involving the use of violence. Frequently reported findings include clear circadian and seasonal rhythms present in the phenomenon of suicide (rhythms more evident in the case of violent suicide); seasonal rhythms in the expression of aggression by patients hospitalised for mental illness; and a circannual recurrence of crimes with a violent component. The intrinsic circadian and seasonal rhythms of some neuronal systems, particularly those of serotonin, involved in the control of mood and impulses, are thought to favour the behavioural rhythms observed, although the contribution of socio-environmental factors, such as the fluctuation of supportive networks according to time, is also acknowledged. By demonstrating non-casual recurrence of certain behaviour and by exploring the socio-biological basis of the rhythms beneath these recurrences, chrono-epidemiology may offer important etiologic and preventive clues to the understanding of the biological and environmental correlates of aggressive behaviour. Aggr. Behav. 28:477-490, 2002. r

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Temporal Disappointment, Homicide and Suicide: An Analysis of Nonwhites and Whites

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

Seasonality of Suicide: Relationship with the Reason for Suicide

Seasonality of Suicide: Relationship with the Reason for Suicide

The 1994–1995 Baseball and Hockey Strikes and their Impact on Suicide and Homicide Rates in the United States

Psychiatric chrono‐epidemiology: its relevance for the study of aggression

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