Temporal Distribution of Equine Arteritis Virus in Respiratory Mucosa, Tissues and Body Fluids of Horses Infected by Inhalation

McCollum, William H.; Prickett, M. E.; Bryans, J T

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34135-3

Cited by 79 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11]23 The virulence to horses of EAV strains such as ATCC, KY84, and CA95 has been more definitively characterized than that of other strains such as AZ87 and CA97, a fact that potentially confuses the interpretation of the data obtained. Furthermore, the subjective criterion used to ascribe virulence to each virus strain further weakens the regression analysis as it relates to the relationship between plaque size in EECs and virulence, because the putative virulence of each virus strain was assigned to an ordinal scale for the purpose of the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RK-13 cells (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] CCL 37) j were maintained in minimal essential medium with Earle' s salts i and supplemented with heat-inactivated 10% calf serum g and antimicrobials. i The virulence to horses of the strains of EAV used in this study has been defined [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]14,[19][20][21][22][23] ; 11 field strains of EAV were compared, as well as the highly virulent, horse-adapted Bucyrus strain (ATCC VR-796) of EAV and the modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine derived from it. 24,25,k The 11 field strains of EAV were isolated from naturally infected horses, sometimes during outbreaks of EVA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenesis of EAV infection has been characterized by inoculation of horses with different strains of the virus and evaluation of outbreaks of EVA. [7][8][9][10][11] Equine arteritis virus has a particular tropism for alveolar macrophages and vascular endothelium in infected horses, and the clinical manifestations of EVA reflect endothelial injury. 11-13 Severe EVA is characterized by panvasculitis with necrosis and leukocytic infiltration of medium-sized and small muscular arteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation of strains of equine arteritis virus of differing virulence to horses by growth in equine endothelial cells

Moore¹,

Balasuriya²,

Nurton³

et al. 2003

ajvr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differentiation of strains of equine arteritis virus of differing virulence to horses by growth in equine endothelial cells

Moore¹,

Balasuriya²,

Nurton³

et al. 2003

ajvr

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“…These secretions can be highly infectious, with titres of EAV for some 7–14 days during the acute phase of infection (McCollum et al . ). For this transmission to occur, direct and close contact between horses is necessary (Timoney and McCollum ).…”

Section: Equine Viral Arteritismentioning

confidence: 97%

Abortogenic viruses in horses

Bażanów

Jackulak

Frącka

et al. 2013

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Viral causes of abortion include equine viral arteritis (EVA) and infection with equine herpesviruses‐1 and ‐4 (EHV‐1 and EHV‐4). Transmission of equine arteritis virus (EAV) occurs through respiratory, venereal or transplacental routes. Horizontal respiratory transmission of EAV results from exposure to infective nasopharyngeal secretions from acutely infected horses. For this transmission to occur, direct and close contact between horses is necessary. Venereal infection is an efficient method of transmission, with seroconversion of 85 to 100% of seronegative mares bred to virus shedding stallions. Asymptomatic carrier stallions are the essential natural reservoir of equine arteritis virus. Equine herpesviruses‐1 and ‐4 infect a susceptible host, replicate and establish a lifelong latent infection without any associated clinical signs. Reactivation of latent infections can result from factors such as stress and intercurrent disease. The control of these diseases is by implementation of appropriate management and hygiene measures, supplemented by vaccination and, in the case of EVA, by the identification of persistently infected stallions, which can be removed from breeding or continue to be bred to if managed under controlled conditions to prevent the risk of an outbreak of the disease.

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“…1,12 Specimens for isolation include nasopharyngeal swabs, heparinized blood, urine, lung and spleen of aborted fetuses, allantochorion, and semen of affected stallions. 6,12,15 EVA is a significant cause of equine abortion and can present a diagnostic dilemma if respiratory signs are minimal. 5,12 Equine herpesviral, bacterial, and fungal causes should be eliminated by serologic and cultural procedures.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%