Temporal dynamics and plasticity in the cellular immune response of the sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina

Couch, Courtney S.; Weil, Ernesto; Harvell, C. Drew

doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2240-6

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…B). The agreement across colonies is compelling because there is a consistent response by the bacterial assemblages despite the high diversity of G. ventalina populations (Andras et al ., ), which has likely accounted for diverse responses of this species in previous research (Couch et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Persistent shifts in Caribbean coral microbiota are linked to the 2010 warm thermal anomaly

Tracy

Koren

Douglas

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

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The response of corals to warm temperature anomalies includes changes in coral bacterial assemblages. There are clear differences between the microbiota of bleached and healthy corals. However, few studies have tracked the microbiota of individual colonies throughout a warming event. We used 454 pyrosequencing and repeated measures to characterize bacterial assemblages in 15 Gorgonia ventalina colonies before, during, 4 months after, and 1 year after the 2010 Caribbean warm thermal anomaly. In the latter three sampling times, the G. ventalina microbiota differed significantly from the microbiota of Orbicella faveolata colonies, which were sampled only at these three times. O. faveolata microbiota did not exhibit coordinated shifts through time. Notably, the microbiota of the repeatedly sampled G. ventalina colonies shifted persistently from before to during, after, and long after the warming event. The same pattern emerges from the norm of reaction for the individual G. ventalina colonies. This is the first study to show persistent shifts in coral microbiota in association with a warm thermal anomaly. Whether shifting microbiota is adaptive or maladaptive, the lasting change in bacterial assemblages following this warming event identifies a new way that coral microbiota shape the response of coral colonies under thermal stress.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Persistent shifts in Caribbean coral microbiota are linked to the 2010 warm thermal anomaly

Tracy

Koren

Douglas

et al. 2015

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…These migratory interstitial cells usually function as phagocytes and quickly accumulate upon infection, wound repair or allograft rejection. They are called archaeocytes in sponges (Cheng et al 1968; Alié et al 2015), amoebocytes in cnidarians (Patterson and Landolt 1979; Olano and Bigger 2000; Couch et al 2013) and hemocytes or macrophages in bilaterians (Hartenstein 2006; Schmidt-Rhaesa 2007). If the interstitial phagocytes of these large animal clades are homologous (which remains to be tested), they might have evolved from the crawling phase of the Urchoanozoan or one of its descendants (Mendoza et al 2002; Arendt et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of Animal Multicellularity and Cell Differentiation

2017

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Over 600 million years ago, animals evolved from a unicellular or colonial organism whose cell(s) captured bacteria with a collar complex, a flagellum surrounded by a microvillar collar. Using principles from evolutionary cell biology, we reason that the transition to multicellularity required modification of pre-existing mechanisms for extracellular matrix synthesis and cytokinesis. We discuss two hypotheses for the origin of animal cell types: division of labor from ancient plurifunctional cells and conversion of temporally alternating phenotypes into spatially juxtaposed cell types. Mechanistic studies in diverse animals and their relatives promise to deepen our understanding of animal origins and cell biology.

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“…They comprise an excellent model for studying coral disease because they are plentiful and comparatively more resilient to environmental stress (Tsounis & Edmunds 2017), whereas many stony corals are declining and itemized under the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List (IUCN 2019). In addition, some of their cellular and biochemical responses to injury have been de scribed, facilitating interpretation of microscopic changes (Petes et al 2003, Mydlarz et al 2008, Couch et al 2013, Kiryu et al 2015. Finally, tissue sampling is potentially less destructive to the colony compared to hard coral tissue sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of multifocal purple spots, a nonspecific lesion morphology of Caribbean sea fans Gorgonia spp.

2020

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Disease is contributing to the decline of coral reefs globally, but the cause and pathogenesis of most coral diseases are poorly understood. Using Gorgonia ventalina and G. flabellum as a model for coral disease diagnosis, we histologically and microbiologically examined 45 biopsies of lesions resembling Gorgonia multifocal purple spots (MFPS) with the aim of forming a comprehensive case definition based on gross and microscopic morphologic descriptions and associated etiologies. Macroscopically, all lesions were small circular areas of purple pigmentation. Gross morphologies included pigmentation only (4/45, 9%), or pigmentation with branchlet expansion and fusion (19/45, 22%), sessile masses (17/45, 38%), or hard nodules (5/45, 9%). Histological morphologic diagnoses included amoebocyte encapsulation (9/45, 20%), coenenchymal amoebocytosis (6/45, 13%), melanin (17/45, 38%), and gorgonin deposition (13/45, 29%). Sixty-four percent of instances of fungi and 86% of labyrinthulomycetes were localized to grossly normal portions of the biopsy, whereas barnacles were only within lesions, and 87% of instances of algae and 82% of cyanobacteria were within lesioned area of the biopsy. Penicillium (n = 12) was the predominant genus of fungi isolated from biopsies. Barnacles were identified as Conopea sp. using molecular techniques. The pathology and etiology underlying MFPS lesions are diverse, consistent with a highly nonspecific lesion pattern rather than a specific disease. This study demonstrates the importance of microscopic examination of tissues for accurate classification of coral diseases and lesion patterns.

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Temporal dynamics and plasticity in the cellular immune response of the sea fan coral, Gorgonia ventalina

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

Persistent shifts in Caribbean coral microbiota are linked to the 2010 warm thermal anomaly

Persistent shifts in Caribbean coral microbiota are linked to the 2010 warm thermal anomaly

The Origin of Animal Multicellularity and Cell Differentiation

Pathology of multifocal purple spots, a nonspecific lesion morphology of Caribbean sea fans Gorgonia spp.

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