Temporal evolution of mid-tropospheric CO2 over the Indian Ocean

Peter, Rony; Kuttippurath, J.; Chakraborty, Kunal; Sunanda, N.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118475

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The average annual trend for the CO 2 pool is 2.17 ppm yr −1 (Supplementary Figure S1), which is higher than that of other oceanic regions, e.g. the average trend of CO 2 over AS is 2.13 ppm yr −1 for the period 2003-2016 13 . Nevertheless, the average trend over the region within 20° S-20° N and 50° E-160° W, without the CO 2 pool criteria, is similar to that of the global average CO 2 trend (2.11 ppm yr −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The yearly averaged distribution of CO 2 and SST show high values across the western central Indian Ocean that extends to the southeast Arabian Sea 13 . The region where the warm pool lies is also under the influence of ENSO events (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This accelerated warming is worrisome, as it leads to more frequent and severe extreme events such as heatwaves 3,4 , floods 5,6 , and changes in tropical cyclone activity 7,8 and rainfall patterns 9,10 with devastating economic and environmental consequences 11 . The atmospheric CO 2 levels climbed up to 412 ppm in January 2020, with an average global trend of 2.11 ppm yr −1 during the period 2003-2016 [12][13][14] .A thorough understanding of the dynamics, evolution, fate and human influence on atmospheric CO 2 is essential to enact effective carbon mitigation policies. The spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO 2 show distinct annual, seasonal and latitudinal gradients 15 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A high concentration CO2 pool over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool

Peter

Kuttippurath

Chakraborty

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Anthropogenic emissions have produced significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution. High levels of atmospheric CO2 increases global temperature as CO2 absorbs outgoing longwave radiation and re-emits. Though a well-mixed greenhouse gas, CO2 concentration is not uniform in the atmosphere across different altitudes and latitudes. Here, we uncover a region of high CO2 concentration (i.e. CO2 pool) in the middle troposphere (500–300 hPa) over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP, 40° E–140° W, 25° S–25° N), in which the CO2 concentration is higher than that of other regions in the same latitude band (20° N–20° S), by using CO2 satellite measurements for the period 2002–2017. This CO2 pool extends from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean. Much of the CO2 pool is over the western Pacific Ocean (74.87%), and the remaining lies over the eastern Indian Ocean (25.13%). The rising branch of Walker circulation acts as a “CO2 Chimney” that constantly transports CO2 released from the natural, human-induced and ocean outgassing processes to the middle and upper troposphere. The CO2 pool evolves throughout the year with an average annual trend of about 2.17 ppm yr−1, as estimated for the period 2003–2016. Our analysis further reveals that La Niña (El Niño) events strengthen (weaken) the CO2 pool in the mid-troposphere. The radiative forcing for the CO2 pool suggests more warming in the region and is a grave concern for global warming and climate change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A high concentration CO2 pool over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool

Peter

Kuttippurath

Chakraborty

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Additionally, solar occultation methods are applied in some other instruments (Patra et al, 2008;Sioris et al, 2014;Foucher et al, 2011). The SWIR-based observations have more sensitivity at the surface, but the TIR measurements have sensitivity throughout the troposphere (Che ´din et al, 2003;Peter et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%