Temporal involvement of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase γ in differentiation of Z‐bands and myofilament bundles as well as intercalated discs in mouse heart at mid‐gestation

Abstract

Considering the occurrence of serious heart failure in a gene knockout mouse of PIP5Kγ and in congenital abnormal cases in humans in which the gene was defective as reported by others, the present study attempted to localize PIP5Kγ in the heart during prenatal stages. It was done on the basis of the supposition that phenotypes caused by gene mutation of a given molecule are owed to the functional deterioration of selective cellular sites normally expressing it at significantly higher levels in wild mice. PIP5Kγ‐immunoreactivity was the highest in the heart at E10 in contrast to almost non‐significant levels of the immunoreactivity in surrounding organs and tissues such as liver. The immunoreactivity gradually weakened in the heart with the prenatal age, and it was at non‐significant levels at newborn and postnatal stages. Six patterns in localization of distinct immunoreactivity for PIP5Kγ were recognized in cardiomyocytes: (1) its localization on the plasma membranes and subjacent cytoplasm without association with short myofibrils and (2) its localization on them as well as short myofibrils in association with them in cardiomyocytes of early differentiation at E10; (3) its spot‐like localization along long myofibrils in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E10; (4) rare occurrences of such spot‐like localization along long myofibrils in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E14; (5) its localization at Z‐bands of long myofibrils; and (6) its localization at intercellular junctions including the intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes of advanced differentiation at E10 and E14, especially dominant at the latter stage. No distinct localization of PIP5Kγ‐immunoreactivity of any patterns was seen in the heart at E18 and P1D. The present finding suggests that sites of PIP5Kγ‐appearance and probably of its high activity in cardiomyocytes are shifted from the plasma membranes through short myofibrils subjacent to the plasma membranes and long myofibrils, to Z‐bands as well as to the intercalated discs during the mid‐term gestation. It is further suggested that PIP5Kγ is involved in the differentiation of myofibrils as well as intercellular junctions including the intercalated discs at later stages of the mid‐term gestation. Failures in its involvement in the differentiation of these structural components are thus likely to cause the mid‐term gestation lethality of the mutant mice for PIP5Kγ.