Temporal kinetics of fluoride accumulation: from fetal to adult deer

Flueck, Werner T.; Smith-Flueck, Jo Anne M.

doi:10.1007/s10344-013-0734-7

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Subsequent research showed that although mothers averaged already 2 151 ppm of F, their late-term fetuses had only 20 ppm, indicating a barrier to fluoride transport in utero. Additionally, levels among four age classes increased significantly, at an average rate of about 1 000 ppm of F year -1 , and these temporal kinetics of accumulation suggested that the sources of available F were highly effective in causing intoxication (Flueck and Smith-Flueck 2013b). During Oct/Nov 2013 additional red deer were analyzed, revealing that some animals occupied areas of more intense ingestion of tephra, resulting in an annual accumulation rate of about 3 700 ppm of F year -1 , and with the highest bone concentration having reached 10 396 ppm of F after about 28 months of exposure (Flueck 2014).…”

Section: Fluorosis and Skeletal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The impact of recent volcanic ash depositions on herbivores in Patagonia: a review

Flueck¹

2016

Rangel. J.

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Volcanic tephra (ejected solids) result in varied impacts on ecosystems and livestock production. The recent Puyehue (2011) and Calbuco (2015) eruptions deposited large amounts of tephra in Chile and Argentina, affecting both livestock and wildlife in several ways. Impacts from Puyehue tephra on livestock were attributed initially solely to inanition, rumen blockage, eye problems, increased mechanical tooth wear; water consumption was considered without risk for humans and animals; and toxic effects were discarded. Subsequently, wildlife exhibited pronounced clinical signs of fluorosis and bone level exceeding 10 000 ppm of fluoride by 2014. Livestock including horses, cattle and sheep also had high levels of bone fluorine and clinical fluorosis. Tephra from Calbuco and Puyehue now overlap, containing on average 548 and 352 ppm fluoride, respectively. Dryness and eolic redeposition of tephra particularly east of the continental divide continues to re-expose domestic and wild ruminants. However, fluorosis and other related impacts like hypothyroidism, anaemia, and eosinophilia in ruminants also impact wool production. Although fluoride was discarded by others as a cause for the observed reduction in wool production, the specific effect of fluorosis on reducing wool production is well recognised, and occurs in sheep with less bone fluoride than reported from the Puyehue event. The rapid accumulation of fluoride in herbivores exposed to tephra from Puyehue coincides with reports that upon exposure to fluoride, sheep bone levels increased from 160 to 2300 ppm in only 3 months. The susceptibility of ruminants to fluorosis resides in their food processing: (1) intensive mastication and tephra size reduction, (2) thorough mixing of tephra with alkaline saliva during repeated rumination cycles, (3) water-soluble extraction in the rumen, and (4) extraction in the acidic abomasum. Lastly, the fluorosis may be further exacerbated by regional iodine and selenium deficiencies. Iodine deficiency may increase the incidence of dental fluorosis and the severity of damage, whereas selenium deficiency causes secondary iodine deficiency.

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Section: Fluorosis and Skeletal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The impact of recent volcanic ash depositions on herbivores in Patagonia: a review

Flueck¹

2016

Rangel. J.

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“…Circumference was obtained with a flexible tape measure. Red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) samples were from work in Patagonia (Flueck & Smith‐Flueck, 2013). For other species with no published data, samples were measured at the Basel Naturhistorisches Museum, Switzerland: Rupicapra rupicapra (specimens C.III.386, C.3607, C.3667, C.728/729, C.9635, C.2279) and Hemitragus jemlahicus (specimen 10753).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional limb anatomy in a refugee species: The endangered Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus)

Flueck

2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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Early naturalists already considered huemul rare, refuged and a stocky, short‐legged mountain deer, 163 years before declared endangered (1972). Anatomically, huemul do not overlap with rock‐climbers previously considered analogous, as corroborated in this paper by including additional huemul cases. Assertions that population declines are caused principally via livestock infections remain unfounded. Instead, osteopathology in multiple populations across 1,000 km, affecting 57% among dead and 86% among live specimens, may relate to micronutrient deficiencies. Historically classified a mountain deer, widespread osteopathology, micronutrient deficiencies and lack of recovery qualify huemul as a refugee species. Recovery strategies thus must include repopulating historical distribution sites.

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“…Furthermore, fluoride concentrations increased substantially in four age classes, at a rate of about 1000 ppm of F yr −1 on average. These kinetics of building up fluoride levels over time indicated that the origin of available fluoride was exceedingly effective in causing poisoning (Flueck and Smith-Flueck, 2013b). In October and November of 2013 it was documented that some deer, which were occupying areas resulting in higher rates of ingesting tephra, accumulated fluoride at a rate of about 3700 ppm of F yr −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief communication: Extended chronology of the Cordón Caulle volcanic eruption beyond 2011 reveals toxic impacts

Flueck¹

2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Aside of immediate impacts, the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano eruption (PCC) also caused persisting chemical impacts. By 2012, toxicity resulted in overt dental fluorosis in deer, with bone fluoride increasing > 38-fold to 5175 ppm. Sheep, horses and cattle also succumbed to fluorosis. Due to eolic redeposition of tephra, exposure of ruminants continued, bone fluoride reached 10396 ppm, and by 2014 skeletal fluorosis was found. Nonskeletal fluorosis resulted in reduced wool growth and major losses among periparturient cattle. Peculiarities of digestive processes make ruminants susceptible to fluoride-containing tephra which averaged 548 ppm from PCC. Moreover, recent volcanic eruptions causing fluorosis could be aggravated by local iodine deficiency which increases the incidence and harshness of fluorosis, and deficiency of selenium which among other things also results in secondary deficiency of iodine. Notwithstanding, several measures are available to livestock producers to minimize chemical impacts of fluoride.

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Temporal kinetics of fluoride accumulation: from fetal to adult deer

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

The impact of recent volcanic ash depositions on herbivores in Patagonia: a review

The impact of recent volcanic ash depositions on herbivores in Patagonia: a review

Functional limb anatomy in a refugee species: The endangered Patagonian huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus)

Brief communication: Extended chronology of the Cordón Caulle volcanic eruption beyond 2011 reveals toxic impacts

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