Temporal Modulation Detection in Children and Adults With Cochlear Implants: Initial Results

Landsberger, David M.; Stupak, Natalia; Green, Janet; Tona, Kaitlyn M.; Padilla, Mónica; Martinez, Amy S.; Eisenberg, Laurie S.; Waltzman, Susan B.

doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000002122

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Temporal resolution was also found to be worse for the current sample of children with CIs when compared to published data; however, the pattern was not as clear. When compared to mean temporal resolution thresholds previously reported for 11 children with CIs (− 13.87 dB) and 16 adult CI users (− 10.24 dB) at a SAM rate of 100 Hz 45 , all SAM thresholds measured in the current study were poorer–even at the most comparable modulation rate (128 Hz). Though we would expect a lower (i.e.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…Interestingly, differences in cue weighting mirror differences in resolution for these cues. That is, children with CIs place less weight on spectral cues, for which they have poorer resolution than adult CI users; in contrast, they place more weight on temporal cues, for which they have been shown to exhibit better resolution than adult CI users 44 , 45 . Not only has there been evidence for better temporal resolution in pediatric as compared adult CI users with postlingual onset of deafness, but measures of behavioral temporal resolution have also been found to be correlated to measures of speech recognition for children with CIs 46 as well as adults with CIs 47 – 51 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of spectral and temporal processing on speech recognition in children with cochlear implants

DeFreese,

Camarata,

Sunderhaus

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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While the relationships between spectral resolution, temporal resolution, and speech recognition are well defined in adults with cochlear implants (CIs), they are not well defined for prelingually deafened children with CIs, for whom language development is ongoing. This cross-sectional study aimed to better characterize these relationships in a large cohort of prelingually deafened children with CIs (N = 47; mean age = 8.33 years) by comprehensively measuring spectral resolution thresholds (measured via spectral modulation detection), temporal resolution thresholds (measured via sinusoidal amplitude modulation detection), and speech recognition (measured via monosyllabic word recognition, vowel recognition, and sentence recognition in noise via both fixed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and adaptively varied SNR). Results indicated that neither spectral or temporal resolution were significantly correlated with speech recognition in quiet or noise for children with CIs. Both age and CI experience had a moderate effect on spectral resolution, with significant effects for spectral modulation detection at a modulation rate of 0.5 cyc/oct, suggesting spectral resolution may improve with maturation. Thus, it is possible we may see an emerging relationship between spectral resolution and speech perception over time for children with CIs. While further investigation into this relationship is warranted, these findings demonstrate the need for new investigations to uncover ways of improving spectral resolution for children with CIs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of spectral and temporal processing on speech recognition in children with cochlear implants

DeFreese,

Camarata,

Sunderhaus

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…These AM rates were selected because they are within the rate range of the speech envelope and periodicity (Rosen 1992). In addition, they have been tested in CI users using direct electrical stimulation in the literature (e.g., Shannon 1992; Fu 2002; Chatterjee & Peng 2008; De Ruiter et al 2015; Landsberger et al 2019). Testing AM rates that were lower than 20 Hz while keeping all other parameters constant was not feasible due to the limited memory size of the sound processor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensitivity of the Electrically Stimulated Auditory Nerve to Amplitude Modulation Cues Declines With Advanced Age

et al. 2021

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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate effects of aging and duration of deafness on sensitivity of the auditory nerve (AN) to amplitude modulation (AM) cues delivered using trains of biphasic pulses in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. Design: There were 21 postlingually deaf adult CI users who participated in this study. All study participants used a Cochlear Nucleus device with a full electrode array insertion in the test ear. The stimulus was a 200-ms pulse train with a pulse rate of 2000 pulses per second. This carrier pulse train was sinusodially AM at four modulation rates (20, 40, 100, 200 Hz). The peak amplitude of the modulated pulse train was the maximum comfortable level (i.e., C level) measured for the carrier pulse train. The electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) to each of the 20 pulses selected over the last two AM cycles were measured. In addition, eCAPs to single pulses were measured with the probe levels corresponding to the levels of 20 selected pulses from each AM pulse train. There were seven electrodes across the array evaluated in 16 subjects (i.e., electrodes 3 or 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21). For the remaining five subjects, 4 to 5 electrodes were tested due to impedance issues or time constraints. The modulated response amplitude ratio (MRAR) was calculated as the ratio of the difference in the maximum and the minimum eCAP amplitude measured for the AM pulse train to that measured for the single pulse, and served as the dependent variable. Age at time of testing and duration of deafness measured/defined using three criteria served as the independent variables. Linear Mixed Models were used to assess the effects of age at testing and duration of deafness on the MRAR. Results: Age at testing had a strong, negative effect on the MRAR. For each subject, the duration of deafness varied substantially depending on how it was defined/measured, which demonstrates the difficulty of accurately measuring the duration of deafness in adult CI users. There was no clear or reliable trend showing a relationship between the MRAR measured at any AM rate and duration of deafness defined by any criteria. After controlling for the effect of age at testing, MRARs measured at 200 Hz and basal electrode locations (i.e., electrodes 3 and 6) were larger than those measured at any other AM rate and apical electrode locations (i.e., electrodes 18 and 21) Conclusions: The AN sensitivity to AM cues implemented in the pulse-train stimulation significantly declines with advanced age. Accurately measuring duration of deafness in adult CI users is challenging, which, at least partially, might have accounted for the inconclusive findings in the relationship between the duration of deafness and the AN sensitivity to AM cues in this study.

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“…The Spectral-temporally Modulated ripple Test (SMrT; Aronoff and Landsberger 2013) measures spectral-temporal ripple discrimination. The SMrT software, like EasyMDT, is a freely available tool that provides information about auditory processing in less than 5 minutes (Landsberger et al 2019), making it easily implementable in research and clinical settings. Procedure • SMrT stimuli consist of spectrally rippled broadband noise with phase drifts that change in time at 5 Hz.…”

Section: Spectral-temporal Ripple Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance on various temporal tasks has been shown to correlate with speech understanding in both normal hearing (Steeneken and Houtgast 1980; van Tassel et al 1987) and various hearing-impaired populations (Cazals et al 1994; Fu 2002). As such, there has been great interest in studying psychoacoustic temporal properties in auditory labs (e.g., Hall and Grosse 1994; Won et al 2011; Park et al 2015; Landsberger et al 2019; Zhou et al 2020). Furthermore, if a temporal processing task was sufficiently quick and simple, it might also be of interest as a clinical measure of nonlinguistic auditory processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Tool for Measuring Temporal Modulation Detection

Landsberger

Stupak

2021

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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Objectives: A software tool (EasyMDT) that measures temporal modulation detection thresholds of a broadband noise carrier is presented. EasyMDT is designed to be both easy and quick to promote the use in environments where testing time is limited, and testers may not have extensive technical expertise to use typical research software. In addition, by providing a standardized stimulus and protocol, data collected by all groups using the software can be compared directly. Details of EasyMDT, including a description of the protocol, stimuli, interface and how to obtain the software, are provided along with representative sample data from both normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant (CI) users. Performance with the EasyMDT is compared with speech understanding metrics as well as a metric of spectral-temporal resolution. Design: A “Full Curve” of modulation detection thresholds is measured using a three-interval forced-choice adaptive task in a single block for 7 modulation frequencies (10, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 300 Hz). Similarly, the modulation detection thresholds were measured for only one modulation frequency in a block (either 100 Hz or 150 Hz). Modulation detection thresholds and block duration were recorded. In addition, performance on speech recognition tasks (CNC words, consonant identification, vowel identification, and AzBio sentences in noise) and a spectral-temporal resolution task (SMRT; Aronoff and Landsberger) were measured. Modulation detection thresholds were measured for both normal-hearing listeners and CI users. Only CI users participated in the speech and spectral-temporal tests. Results: Modulation detection thresholds measured with EasyMDT were consistent with those previously reported from other laboratories. Modulation detection thresholds at a single modulation frequency (100 Hz or 150 Hz) were predictive of modulation detection thresholds measured as part of the Full Curve consisting of all 7 modulation frequencies. Testing durations for CI users dropped from an average of over 18 minutes for the Full Curve to under 3 minutes for either of the single modulation frequency measures. Modulation detection thresholds at 100 Hz correlated with CNC words, consonant identification, and AzBio sentences in noise, but not vowel identification. No correlations were found between modulation detection and spectral-temporal resolution. Conclusions: The EasyMDT is designed to be an easy-to-use tool that provides a nonlinguistic measure that can predict speech understanding. The test duration is short enough that it can be incorporated into clinical practice or as part of an experimental battery. The software is available for free download at https://www.ear-lab.org/software-downloads.html. The software is designed to have a minimum barrier of entry as well as provide a standardized protocol allowing direct comparison of modulation detection thresholds across studies and groups.

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Temporal Modulation Detection in Children and Adults With Cochlear Implants: Initial Results

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

The impact of spectral and temporal processing on speech recognition in children with cochlear implants

The impact of spectral and temporal processing on speech recognition in children with cochlear implants

The Sensitivity of the Electrically Stimulated Auditory Nerve to Amplitude Modulation Cues Declines With Advanced Age

Evaluation of a Tool for Measuring Temporal Modulation Detection

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