Temporal Occurrence of Plusiinae on Soybean in the Mississippi River Delta

Abstract

The subfamily Plusiinae of the moth family Noctuidae is made up 400 species worldwide. Two species of the subfamily, the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), are important defoliating insect pests of various field crops and have been the subject of previous Plusiinae surveys in the Southern U.S. Soybean fields were sampled in the Mississippi Delta from 2010 to 2012 to determine the temporal occurrence of various Plusiinae species on soybean. As in previous surveys, C. includens was the most common Plusiinae species in soybean during the 3-yr survey, especially in late season collections (July–September). Rachiplusia ou (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was the predominant species observed in early season collections (May–early July). Populations of R. ou during the first sample dates during 2010 were much higher than those observed during the other years of the survey. Only three collected larvae successfully developed into T. ni adults, one each collected during May, June, and July. Although R. ou was not commonly reported in previous studies on soybean, it occurred in low numbers during June and July during the 3-yr study. The temporal occurrence and species composition followed a predictable pattern in all 3 yr of the study.

Experimental study and geometrical method to design bio-inspired robotic kinematic chains of inching-locomotion caterpillars

“…This manuscript aims to show how to standardize the kinematic chain definition with the use of a geometrical method (BIROD and GEKINS) for arthropod animals in order to build a robot in the future. In this context, we proposed the study of ILAR, so, we selected the two only family-groups that perform this type of gait: Geometridae (it represents 35 000 species) [63] and Plusiinae (it represents 400 species) [64].…”

The Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Plus an Adjuvant against Helicoverpa zea and Chrysodeixis includens in Aboveground Applications

“…C. includens , commonly referred to as soybean looper, causes damage to vegetable and field crops, including soybean, cotton, alfalfa, sweet potato, and clovers ( Hensley et al 1964 ). In the Mississippi Delta region, C. includens was the most common Plusiinae species in soybean, particularly during the late season (July to September) ( Jost and Pitre, 2002 ; Allen et al, 2021 ).…”