Temporal Pattern of Africanization in a Feral Honeybee Population From Texas Inferred From Mitochondrial Dna

Pinto, M. Alice; Rubink, William L.; Coulson, Robert N.; Patton, James R.; Johnston, J. Spencer

doi:10.1554/03-334

Cited by 16 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the subtropical-swarm traps (91 samples) (see Pinto et al 2004 for details on tested for each locus and population sample using the Hardysampling procedure).…”

Section: Hallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys of allozymes (Del Lama et al 1988;Lobo et al 1989 . m. et al 1991b;Diniz et al 2003), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (Hall 1990; McMichael and scutellata mitotype (Pinto et al 2004). In spite of the initial trend, the authors found a substantial contribuHall 1996; Hall and McMichael 2001), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (Suazo et al 1998), and tion of non-A.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Further, several studies have shown that European honeybees are more susceptiLobo et Smith et al 1989;Hall 1990;Rinderer et al 1991; Lobo and Krieger 1992; Quezada-Euán ble to Varroa than Africanized honeybees (Moretto et al 1991(Moretto et al , 1993; Message and Gonç alves 1995; Guzman-2000; Clarke et al 2002) and to a lesser degree in more temperate regions of South (Sheppard et al 1991a;Novoa et al 1996). Therefore, the combined effect of a depauperate population and differential susceptibility Diniz et al 2003;Quezada-Euán et al 2003) and North America (Loper et al 1999;Pinto et al 2004). Studies to Varroa could have changed the rate and extent of hybridization between European and Africanized honof neotropical feral populations suggest that Africanized honeybees expanded by maternal migration (Taylor eybees.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With the arrival and subsequent expansion of Africanized honeybees into Texas, New Mexico, Ari-gesting that the breakdown of the African genome was occurring (Lobo et al 1989;Sheppard et al 1991a; zona, Nevada, and California, the European honeybee gene pool in those areas is being converted to one with Diniz et al 2003). While the hybrid zone in North America has not been studied, it is possible that its dynamics a substantial African component (Rubink et al 1996;Loper et al 1999;Pinto et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since introduction in 1987 (De Guzman et al 1997), The underlying mechanism for dispersal and the genetic composition of Africanized honeybee populations Varroa has caused severe losses in managed and feral European populations (Kraus and Page 1995; Loper has been intensively studied in the American tropics (Del Lama et al 1988;Hall and Muralidharan 1989;et al 1999;Pinto et al 2004). Further, several studies have shown that European honeybees are more susceptiLobo et Smith et al 1989;Hall 1990;Rinderer et al 1991; Lobo and Krieger 1992; Quezada-Euán ble to Varroa than Africanized honeybees (Moretto et al 1991(Moretto et al , 1993; Message and Gonç alves 1995; Guzman-2000; Clarke et al 2002) and to a lesser degree in more temperate regions of South (Sheppard et al 1991a;Novoa et al 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Africanization in the United States

Pinto

Rubink²,

Patton

et al. 2005

Genetics

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The expansion of Africanized honeybees from South America to the southwestern United States in Ͻ50 years is considered one of the most spectacular biological invasions yet documented. In the American tropics, it has been shown that during their expansion Africanized honeybees have low levels of introgressed alleles from resident European populations. In the United States, it has been speculated, but not shown, that Africanized honeybees would hybridize extensively with European honeybees. Here we report a continuous 11-year study investigating temporal changes in the genetic structure of a feral population from the southern United States undergoing Africanization. Our microsatellite data showed that (1) the process of Africanization involved both maternal and paternal bidirectional gene flow between European and Africanized honeybees and (2) the panmitic European population was replaced by panmitic mixtures of A. m. scutellata and European genes within 5 years after Africanization. The post-Africanization gene pool (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) was composed of a diverse array of recombinant classes with a substantial European genetic contribution (mean 25-37%). Therefore, the resulting feral honeybee population of south Texas was best viewed as a hybrid swarm.T HE evolutionary significance of natural hybridizaOur study of hybridization, which deals with one of tion has been debated for decades (Mayr 1942

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“…In the subtropical-swarm traps (91 samples) (see Pinto et al 2004 for details on tested for each locus and population sample using the Hardysampling procedure).…”

Section: Hallmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Africanization in the United States

Pinto

Rubink²,

Patton

et al. 2005

Genetics

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Africanization of a feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) population in South Texas: does a decade make a difference?

Rangel

Giresi

Pinto

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The arrival to the United States of the Africanized honey bee, a hybrid between European subspecies and the African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata, is a remarkable model for the study of biological invasions. This immigration has created an opportunity to study the dynamics of secondary contact of honey bee subspecies from African and European lineages in a feral population in South Texas. An 11‐year survey of this population (1991–2001) showed that mitochondrial haplotype frequencies changed drastically over time from a resident population of eastern and western European maternal ancestry, to a population dominated by the African haplotype. A subsequent study of the nuclear genome showed that the Africanization process included bidirectional gene flow between European and Africanized honey bees, giving rise to a new panmictic mixture of A. m. scutellata‐ and European‐derived genes. In this study, we examined gene flow patterns in the same population 23 years after the first hybridization event occurred. We found 28 active colonies inhabiting 92 tree cavities surveyed in a 5.14 km2 area, resulting in a colony density of 5.4 colonies/km2. Of these 28 colonies, 25 were of A. m. scutellata maternal ancestry, and three were of western European maternal ancestry. No colonies of eastern European maternal ancestry were detected, although they were present in the earlier samples. Nuclear DNA revealed little change in the introgression of A. m. scutellata‐derived genes into the population compared to previous surveys. Our results suggest this feral population remains an admixed swarm with continued low levels of European ancestry and a greater presence of African‐derived mitochondrial genetic composition.

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Prevalence of Nosema species in a feral honey bee population: a 20-year survey

et al. 2015

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-Nosema spp. are microsporidian pathogens of honey bees that cause nosemosis, a disease implicated in colony losses worldwide. Few studies have measured Nosema spp. levels in feral honey bees. We evaluated the presence and infection intensity of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in a feral Africanized honey bee population in south Texas from 1991 to 2001 and in 2013. Overall, less than 6 % of samples had Nosema spp. spores. N. apis was only found in samples from 1991 to 1995. Conversely, N. ceranae was found every year examined, ranging from 16.7 % infection in 1991 to 85.7 % in 2013. There were no effects of temperature or rainfall on infection with either species over time. This suggests that feral honey bees are relatively free of Nosema spp. compared to managed colonies. More studies on the incidence of Nosema spp. in feral honey bee populations are needed.Apis mellifera / Africanized feral honey bees / Nosema apis / Nosema ceranae / qPCR INTRODUCTIONNosemosis, a disease of honey bees that infects epithelial cells of the midgut (Bailey 1981;Matheson 1993), can be caused by the presence of microsporidia species in the genus Nosema (Nosematidae). Nosemosis is transmitted horizontally between adults through the oral-fecal route, where uninfected adults become infected by contact with food or feces contaminated with Nosema spp. spores (Fries 1993(Fries , 1996. Following ingestion, spores germinate within the midgut by ejecting a polar filament that injects the Nosema spp. sporoplasm into epithelial cells of the midgut.Vegetative stages reproduce within the cells to form spores that are released upon lysis of the cell, which then are freed to infect other midgut epithelial cells (Bailey and Ball 1991). Two species of Nosema can infect the honey bee Apis mellifera : Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae .N. apis affects the western European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and is found worldwide (Matheson 1996). N. ceranae was first discovered in the Asian honey bee Apis cerana in 1996 (Fries 1996), was later identified in managed Apis mellifera colonies in Spain and Taiwan (Higes et al. 2006;Huang et al. 2007), and is now widespread in Europe (Higes et al. 2006(Higes et al. , 2009aChauzat 2007;Huang et al. 2007Huang et al. , 2008Klee et al. 2007;Paxton et al. 2007;Topolska and S. Kasprzak 2007), North America (Chen et al. 2008;Williams et al. 2008; Traver and Fell 2011a, b) Medici et al. 2012;Mendoza et al. 2014), Africa (Fries 2003;Higes et al. 2009b), and Australia (Giersch et al. 2009). While honey bee colonies infected with N. apis exhibit fecal streaking on the hives and comb due to severe dysentery (Hassanein 1951;Fries 1993), those infected with N. ceranae do not show obvious external symptoms. Despite the key symptomatic differences caused by different Nosema species, infection with one or both species causes significant declines in a colony's overall worker population (Wang and Mofller 1970;Higes et al. 2008) and honey production (Hassanein 1951;Fries et al. 1984;Rinderer and Sylvester 1978;Anderson and G...

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Temporal Pattern of Africanization in a Feral Honeybee Population From Texas Inferred From Mitochondrial Dna

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Africanization in the United States

Africanization in the United States

Africanization of a feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) population in South Texas: does a decade make a difference?

Prevalence of Nosema species in a feral honey bee population: a 20-year survey

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