Temporal pattern of eating in night shift workers

Shaw, Emma; Dorrian, Jillian; Coates, Alison M.; Leung, Gloria K W; Davis, Rochelle; Rosbotham, Erika; Warnock, Rebekah; Huggins, Catherine E.; Bonham, Maxine P.

doi:10.1080/07420528.2019.1660358

Cited by 50 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As this is the first study conducted assessing dietary patterns in Chilean health workers, findings suggest that further diet characteristics could be impaired in this group. Our findings of delayed timing of late afternoon meals, frequent meals skipping, snacking behavior, and nighttime eating are in line with others [ 3 , 4 , 11 ]. Given that meal timing plays a role as or more important than the total calorie count for metabolic consequences [ 16 ], further interventions modulating eating patterns could be highly relevant to improve the metabolic health of shift workers [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Evidence in humans has shown the adverse health effects of SW, disturbing the circadian rhythms and the sleep–wake cycle, and increasing the risk for chronic noncommunicable diseases [ 2 ]. An altered diet structure has been reported in shift workers [ [2] , [3] , [4] ], and SW is positively associated with obesity risk [ 1 , 5 ]. In Chile, around 25% of health and private companies include shift working [ 6 ], but the relevance of SW on health-related behaviors is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Shift Work on the Eating Pattern, Physical Activity and Daytime Sleepiness Among Chilean Healthcare Workers

Farías

Sepúlveda²,

Chamorro

2020

Safety and Health at Work

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We evaluated the eating pattern, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness level in Chilean shift workers. Fifty, middle-aged adult health workers from a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, were included: a group undergoing shift work (shift workers, including at least one “night shift” and one “long day”, n = 33), and day workers under traditional schedule (from 8:00 to 17:00h, n = 17). Body composition, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness levels, and diet characteristics (diet composition, meals' timing, and diet quality) were assessed. Despite similar total energy intake, shift worker showed lower carbohydrate (% of energy) and higher protein intake (both P < 0.01), decreased diet quality, an irregular eating pattern, and delayed meal timing (all P < 0.05). Physical activity and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between groups. Findings from this first Chilean study in healthcare shift workers support the fact that meal timing and diet quality appear as critical factors for upcoming intervention studies in this group.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Shift Work on the Eating Pattern, Physical Activity and Daytime Sleepiness Among Chilean Healthcare Workers

Farías

Sepúlveda²,

Chamorro

2020

Safety and Health at Work

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The composition of the diet and energy intake during night shifts is unlikely to be the major contributor to metabolic disruption. A recent survey of eating patterns in night shift workers showed that, except for slightly higher sugar and lower saturated fat consumption during the night shift, there was no difference in caloric intake or adherence to dietary guidelines compared with day shifts or days off (65). This minor shift toward carbohydrate intake compared with fat intake during night shifts is consistent with data showing that improperly timed feeding in mice resulted in inefficient energy utilization and greater reliance on carbohydrate oxidation (66), an unfortunate combination with the impaired glucose handling induced by circadian misalignment.…”

Section: Shift Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest change in nutrient input during nightshifts though is in its timing, and this can in itself contribute to metabolic disruption. During nightshifts meals are spread out over the 24 h period, as compared to dayshift or off days where the fasting window generally approximates sleep time (65,67). Therefore, like in laboratory simulations of shift work with controlled isocaloric meals, the main variable with respect to food intake is its timing with respect to the endogenous clock.…”

Section: Shift Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism

2020

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The molecular circadian clock regulates metabolic processes within the cell, and the alignment of these clocks between tissues is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The possibility of misalignment arises from the differential responsiveness of tissues to the environmental cues that synchronize the clock (zeitgebers). Although light is the dominant environmental cue for the master clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, many other tissues are sensitive to feeding and fasting. When rhythms of feeding behavior are altered, for example by shift work or the constant availability of highly palatable foods, strong feedback is sent to the peripheral molecular clocks. Varying degrees of phase shift can cause the systemic misalignment of metabolic processes. Moreover, when there is a misalignment between the endogenous rhythms in physiology and environmental inputs, such as feeding during the inactive phase, the body's ability to maintain homeostasis is impaired. The loss of phase coordination between the organism and environment, as well as internal misalignment between tissues, can produce cardiometabolic disease as a consequence. The aim of this review is to synthesize the work on the mechanisms and metabolic effects of circadian misalignment. The timing of food intake is highlighted as a powerful environmental cue with the potential to destroy or restore the synchrony of circadian rhythms in metabolism.

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“…Taken together, these findings suggest that EE is altered by the circadian timing of wakefulness and sleep episodes. If a lower EE were to persist chronically and if energy intake were to remain stable, it could contribute to a decrease in total daily EE, a state of positive energy balance, and weight gain, which has been reported in nightshift workers [34,35]. How chronic exposure to early morning shift schedules alters total daily EE and body composition is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Morning Food Intake as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysregulation

et al. 2020

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Increased risk of obesity and diabetes in shift workers may be related to food intake at adverse circadian times. Early morning shiftwork represents the largest proportion of shift workers in the United States, yet little is known about the impact of food intake in the early morning on metabolism. Eighteen participants (9 female) completed a counterbalanced 16 day design with two conditions separated by ~1 week: 8 h sleep opportunity at habitual time and simulated early morning shiftwork with 6.5 h sleep opportunity starting ~1 h earlier than habitual time. After wake time, resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured and blood was sampled for melatonin and fasting glucose and insulin. Following breakfast, post-prandial blood samples were collected every 40 min for 2 h and the thermic effect of food (TEF) was assessed for 3.25 h. Total sleep time was decreased by ~85 min (p < 0.0001), melatonin levels were higher (p < 0.0001) and post-prandial glucose levels were higher (p < 0.05) after one day of simulated early morning shiftwork compared with habitual wake time. REE was lower after simulated early morning shiftwork; however, TEF after breakfast was similar to habitual wake time. Insufficient sleep and caloric intake during a circadian phase of high melatonin levels may contribute to metabolic dysregulation in early morning shift workers.

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Temporal pattern of eating in night shift workers

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of Shift Work on the Eating Pattern, Physical Activity and Daytime Sleepiness Among Chilean Healthcare Workers

Impact of Shift Work on the Eating Pattern, Physical Activity and Daytime Sleepiness Among Chilean Healthcare Workers

Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism

Early Morning Food Intake as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysregulation

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