Temporal Processing in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex

Schreiner, Christoph E.; Mendelson, J. R.; Raggio, Marcia W.; Brosch, Michael; Krueger, Kathy

doi:10.3109/00016489709126145

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Repetition rate transfer functions in the primary auditory cortex of naïve monkeys, cats, and rats are predominantly low-or band-pass (Bao et al 2004;Beitel et al 2003;Eggermont 1999;Gaese and Ostwald 1995;Kilgard and Merzenich 1998). Neurons with shorter latencies typically exhibit faster recovery from forward masking and higher best repetition rates than neurons with longer latencies (Brosch and Schreiner 1997;Kilgard and Merzenich 1999;Schreiner et al 1997). Our observation that enrichment increases time to peak and decreases best repetition rate of A1 neurons is consistent with this correlation.…”

Section: Temporal Processingsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Several experiments have shown that greater stimulus intensity causes greater pairedpulse depression. Increasing tone amplitude typically increased the duration of forward masking (Brosch and Schreiner 1997). In addition, we observed more paired-pulse depression of evoked potentials with louder (90 dB) tones compared with quieter (50 dB) tones in standard housed rats (unpublished data).…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex

Percaccio

Pruette²,

Pandya

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Earlier studies have shown that cortical processing of temporal information can be altered by long-term experience with modulated sounds. In a previous study, we observed that environmental enrichment dramatically increased the response of cortical neurons to single tone and noise burst stimuli in both awake and anesthetized rats. Here, we evaluate how enrichment influences temporal information processing in the auditory cortex. We recorded responses to repeated tones and noise bursts in awake rats using epidural evoked potentials and in anesthetized rats using microelectrodes. Enrichment increased the response of cortical neurons to stimuli presented at slow rates and decreased the response to stimuli presented at fast rates relative to controls. Our observation that enrichment substantially increased response strength and forward masking is consistent with earlier reports that long-term potentiation of cortical synapses is associated with increased paired-pulse depression. Enrichment also increased response synchronization at slow rates and decreased synchronization at fast rates. Paired-pulse depression increased within days of environmental enrichment and was restored to normal levels after return to standard housing conditions. These results are relevant to several clinical disorders characterized by abnormal gating of sensory information, including autism, schizophrenia, and dyslexia.

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Section: Temporal Processingsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex

Percaccio

Pruette²,

Pandya

et al. 2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Some sites exhibit response profiles that manifested oscillatory processes. As others have suggested, this variability in RRTFs may represent an important coding strategy for temporal information (Dinse et al, 1997;Schreiner and Langer, 1986;Schreiner et al, 1997;Eggermont, 1991;Buonomano and Merzenich, 1995). These results are consistent with a distributed representation of repetition rate such that any frequency band of substantial width contains neurons that selectively prefer stimulus rates ranging from about 2 to 15 pps.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Distributed representation of spectral and temporal information in rat primary auditory cortex

Kilgard¹,

Merzenich²

1999

Hearing Research

142

112

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Modulations of amplitude and frequency are common features of natural sounds, and are prominent in behaviorally important communication sounds. The mammalian auditory cortex is known to contain representations of these important stimulus parameters. This study describes the distributed representations of tone frequency and modulation rate in the rat primary auditory cortex (A1). Detailed maps of auditory cortex responses to single tones and tone trains were constructed from recordings from 50-60 microelectrode penetrations introduced into each hemisphere. Recorded data demonstrated that the cortex uses a distributed coding strategy to represent both spectral and temporal information in the rat, as in other species. Just as spectral information is encoded in the firing patterns of neurons tuned to different frequencies, temporal information appears to be encoded using a set of filters covering a range of behaviorally important repetition rates. Although the average A1 repetition rate transfer function (RRTF) was low-pass with a sharp drop-off in evoked spikes per tone above 9 pulses per second (pps), individual RRTFs exhibited significant structure between 4 and 10 pps, including substantial facilitation or depression to tones presented at specific rates. No organized topography of these temporal filters could be determined.

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“…Neurons with shorter latencies typically exhibit faster recovery from forward masking and higher best repetition rates than neurons with longer latencies Schreiner et al, 1997;Kilgard and Merzenich, 1999). Our observation that enrichment increases time to peak and decreases best repetition rate of A1 neurons is consistent with this correlation.…”

Section: Temporal Processingsupporting

confidence: 78%

Environmental Enrichment Increases Response Strength And Paired-Pulse Depression Of Auditory Cortex Neurons

Percaccio

Pruette²,

Mistry³

et al. 2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A wide variety of sensory gating impairments have been associated with autism. Abnormal brain development may alter patterns of interaction between the child and the environment and hinder the acquisition of critical language skills. After several months of therapy, autistic symptoms may subside as children advance to higher cognitive stages. This study modeled the physiological changes associated with therapy-related gains in children by investigating enrichment-induced plasticity in rat auditory cortex. Evoked potential response strength and paired-pulse depression were enhanced by exposure to an enriched environment and degraded by exposure to a standard environment. While neither exercise nor social stimulation, specifically, resulted in any plasticity, rats that heard the enriched environment from a distance also exhibited enhanced responses. The degree of enrichment-induced plasticity was not reduced by a substantial and persistent cholinergic deficit. The finding that enrichment increases response strength and paired-pulse depression in the auditory cortex of rats is consistent with earlier clinical observations, suggesting that proper sensory development is necessary for higher cognitive processes. In the future we will investigate if clinical gains during and after therapy are associated with increased event-related potential discrimination and hemispheric localization of speech stimuli in children with autism.

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Temporal Processing in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex

Environmental Enrichment Increases Paired-Pulse Depression in Rat Auditory Cortex

Distributed representation of spectral and temporal information in rat primary auditory cortex

Environmental Enrichment Increases Response Strength And Paired-Pulse Depression Of Auditory Cortex Neurons

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