Temporal regulation of children with autism spectrum disorder exposed to a differential‐reinforcement‐of low‐rates schedule

Abstract

This study investigated temporal adjustment of children with autism spectrum disorder under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates (DRL) schedule. Sixteen participants, aged 3.2 to 7 years, were exposed to two conditions, DRL 5 s and DRL 20 s. Children participated in 7 sessions in each condition, except for 1 participant who attained the adjustment criteria in the DRL 5-s schedule. Temporal adjustment was measured with the proportion of reinforced interresponse times (IRTs) and the mean IRT. The operant response was a press on a touch screen and the reinforcers were cartoons. IQ and receptive language were measured prior to the DRL sessions. Results showed that the mean proportion of reinforced IRTs was slightly higher in the DRL 5-s schedule. The mean IRT was above the IRT requirement in both conditions. However, substantial individual variability was observed. Children with higher IQ and receptive language scores presented a greater proportion of reinforced IRTs in both conditions. Moreover, participants who adjusted their responses to the DRL 5-s schedule were more likely to adjust responding to the DRL 20-s schedule. This suggests that some children might be more sensitive to reinforcement contingencies than others. This study points at future research in the field of timing in children.

Differential reinforcement‐of‐low‐rate procedures: A systematic replication with students with autism spectrum disorder

“…However, it is unclear if children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will respond to signaled DRL schedules as college students and preschoolers have (Becraft et al, ; Jessel & Borrero, ). Some research indicates that individuals with ASD have difficulty with timing, and relatedly, impulsivity (e.g., Gaucher & Forget, in press; Gokey, Wilder, Welch, Collier, & Mathisen, ; Maister & Plaisted‐Grant, ), which may have implications for performance under a DRL schedule. In addition, and more generally, stimulus control may be more difficult to establish for individuals with ASD relative to typically developing individuals (e.g., Reed, Hawthorn, Bolger, Meredith, & Bishop, ), which could impact schedule sensitivity.…”