Temporal relationship between decrease in antimicrobial prescription for Danish pigs and the “Yellow Card” legal intervention directed at reduction of antimicrobial use

Jensen, Vibeke Frøkjær; Knegt, Leonardo de; Andersen, V.; Wingstrand, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.08.006

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The authors concluded that financial policies are most likely to influence AMU, as farmers do seem to worry about having fewer revenues depending on their AMU levels than about favouring AMR development per se. This agrees with the observed decrease in AMU among Denmark' pig farms after the introduction of the 'Yellow Card' intervention (Jensen et al 2014). Specifically, this policy requires that whether the antimicrobial reduction is not reached after nine months from a first order, a strategy developed by a veterinarian (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study among turkey and rabbit farmers

Martino

Crovato

Pinto

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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We conducted a survey of attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among turkey and rabbit farmers (N ¼ 117 and N ¼ 41, respectively) in Italy's utmost turkey-and rabbit-producing region. We found either similarities or significant differences between these two livestock sectors. Most farmers of both groups (72% of turkey farmers vs 76% of rabbit farmers) reported that antimicrobials are properly used in their farms. Almost three-quarters of the farmers reported that antimicrobials solve the health problem treated for. However, 47% of turkey farmers and 78% of rabbit farmers reported that antimicrobial use could be decreased, with a 20-30% reduction being the most frequently chosen range. Genetic improvement was reported to be the main factor able to reduce antimicrobial use in turkeys, whereas improvements in feed quality and microclimate were the main factors for rabbits. Most farmers reported that high antimicrobial use may affect the quality of meat products and be hazardous to human health, but they also reported that antimicrobial resistance is mainly related to antimicrobial use in humans. In conclusion, turkey and rabbit farmers have a generally positive opinion on veterinary antimicrobial use, but also low levels of awareness of the negative impact on public health. Economic and structural factors of rabbit production industry may explain the differences observed. Farm veterinarians will be crucial to support farmers' education and the expected transition to lower antimicrobial use while maintaining high animal health/ welfare standards. HIGHLIGHTS 47% of turkey vs. 78% of rabbit farmers thought that antimicrobial use can be decreased A 20-30% reduction of antimicrobials was the most frequently supposed range Turkey and rabbit farmers showed a low level of awareness of the negative impact of antimicrobial usage in their farms on human health ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study among turkey and rabbit farmers

Martino

Crovato

Pinto

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…From statistics on the National level, there seems to be some seasonality in the antimicrobial usage in pig production (8,17). However, in this study, no seasonality was observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Antimicrobial usage data were analyzed at herd-level (i.e., separate for age each group) due to physiological differences (e.g., differences in the immune system due to aging and vaccination protocols), as these result in different amounts of antimicrobials prescribed for the three age groups (8,16). It is evident that the optimized values of the observational variance (V) for weaner herds with high consumption is six times higher when compared to finisher herds within the same category of antimicrobial consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If database errors are the cause of seemingly high levels for antimicrobial usage or if the high level of antimicrobial usage could be justified (e.g., by a major disease outbreak), the Yellow Card could be withdrawn by the authorities. National statistics on antimicrobial usage have suggested that the Yellow card has been driving a decrease in antimicrobial usage in pig production (3,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Close to a Decade of Decrease in Antimicrobial Usage in Danish Pig Production–Evaluating the Effect of the Yellow Card Scheme

Antunes

Jensen

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistant pathogens have led to rising concern about the widespread and excessive use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. Denmark has implemented several initiatives to reduce antimicrobial use in animals since the 90s, with the Yellow Card scheme implemented in 2010. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on antimicrobial use in Danish pig farms of changes in the legislation regarding the Yellow Card, based on analysis of temporal trends in monthly antimicrobial consumption calculated at herd-level from 2010 to 2017. A dynamic linear model with a linear growth component was used to model the data. The percentage of herds with a negative growth component and a significant decline below zero (based on 95% credible intervals) was assessed for the entire study period. The analysis was run separately for the different age groups within each farm: weaners (up to 30 kg), sows and finishers herds, and categorized according to antimicrobial use before the Yellow Card initiative (2008-2009), as groups of herds with "low," "moderate," or "high" consumption. The results evidence a decline of the antimicrobial consumption in Danish pig herds, more pronounced during two periods: with the introduction of the Yellow Card and in relation to the announcements and changes in the legislation in 2014. Weaner herds in the high consumption category had the highest percentage of herds with a negative growth component, reaching 82% of herds in January 2011, followed by weaner herds with moderate antimicrobial consumption reaching 71% of herds in October 2012. For finisher herds in the moderate consumption category, the proportion with a negative growth increased from 38% in January 2010 to 71% in July 2011. A decline in antimicrobial consumption was also evident after announcements and changes in the legislation in 2014, particularly for sows and finishers. Our findings suggest that changes in the Yellow Card scheme promoted a continuous reduction in antimicrobial use in Danish pig herds, particularly in herds with high antimicrobial consumption.

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“…The median use of antimicrobials in Danish pig herds in 2012-2013 was around 8.0 for weaners, 0.8 for finishers and 1.8 for sows (Fertner et al, 2015). This higher usage in weaner pigs may be explained three main factors, Firstly, the indication of treatment differed, with gastrointestinal disorders being the primarily indication for treatment in pigs (Jensen et al, 2014), while respiratory disorders dominated in large veal calf and young bull producing herds. Secondly, pigs are categorized into more agegroups, which imply the standard weights for pigs being closer to the actual weight at treatment (15 kg (weaners), 50 kg (finishers) and 200 kg (sows/piglets)) compared to veal calves and young bulls (200 kg), where the applied standard weight is higher than the expected weight at treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A register-based study of the antimicrobial usage in Danish veal calves and young bulls

Fertner

Toft

Martin

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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High antimicrobial usage and multidrug resistance have been reported in veal calves in Europe. This may be attributed to a high risk of disease as veal calves are often purchased from numerous dairy herds, exposed to stress related to the transport and commingling of new animals, and fed a new ration. In this study, we used national register data to characterize the use of antimicrobials registered for large Danish veal calf and young bull producing herds in 2014. A total of 325 herds with veal calf and potentially young bull production were identified from the Danish Cattle database. According to the national Danish database on drugs for veterinary use (VetStat), a total of 537,399 Animal Daily Doses (ADD200) were registered for these 325 herds during 2014. The amount of antimicrobials registered in 2014 varied throughout the year, with the highest amounts registered in autumn and winter. Antimicrobials were registered for respiratory disorders (79%), joints/limbs/CNS disorders (17%), gastrointestinal disorders (3.7%) and other disorders (0.3%). Of the registered antimicrobials, 15% were for oral and 85% for parenteral administration. Long-acting formulations with a therapeutic effect of more than 48h covered 58% of the drugs for parenteral use. Standardized at the herd-level, as ADD200/100 calves/day, antimicrobial use distributed as median [CI95%] for starter herds (n=22): 2.14 [0.19;7.58], finisher herds (n=24): 0.48 [0.00;1.48], full-line herds (n=183): 0.78 [0.05;2.20] and herds with an inconsistent pattern of movements (n=96): 0.62 [0.00;2.24]. Full-line herds are herds, which purchase calves directly from a dairy herd and raise them to slaughter. Furthermore, we performed a risk factor analysis on the 183 herds with a full-line production. Here, we investigated, whether the number of suppliers, the number of calves purchased, the frequency of purchase, the average age at introduction, the average time in the herd and vaccination influenced the amount of antimicrobials used in the herds. The final multivariable regression analysis revealed that the number of calves introduced was positively associated with the antimicrobial use in the herd.

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Temporal relationship between decrease in antimicrobial prescription for Danish pigs and the “Yellow Card” legal intervention directed at reduction of antimicrobial use

Cited by 58 publications

References 21 publications

Farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study among turkey and rabbit farmers

Farmers’ attitudes towards antimicrobial use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance: a comparative study among turkey and rabbit farmers

Close to a Decade of Decrease in Antimicrobial Usage in Danish Pig Production–Evaluating the Effect of the Yellow Card Scheme

A register-based study of the antimicrobial usage in Danish veal calves and young bulls

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