Temporal Relationship between Gastrointestinal Protein Loss, Gastric Ulceration or Erosion, and Strenuous Exercise in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

Davis, Michael S.; Willard, Michael D.; Williamson, Katherine; Royer, Chris; Payton, Mark E.; Steiner, Jörg M.; Hinchcliff, Kenneth W.; McKenzie, Erica C.; Nelson, Stuart

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01794.x

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The basis for choosing 100 miles in the previously reported study 1 was based upon prior findings that gastric lesions occurred as early as 100 miles and did not significantly increase in number or severity up to 500 miles. 5 The effectiveness of famotidine in that study plus the ease of administration of the drug associated with drug in the food as opposed to administering pills suggested that famotidine would be preferable to omeprazole under racing conditions over longer distances. The failure of administration of famotidine to significantly lessen the severity of gastric lesions in dogs running 330 miles in the 1st experiment was surprising after the efficacy documented in the previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Efficacy of Omeprazole versus High-Dose Famotidine for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Gastritis in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

Williamson¹,

Willard

Payton

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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Background: Omeprazole and famotidine both reduce severity of exercise-induced gastritis, but administering famotidine is easier than administering omeprazole during racing competition.Hypothesis: Famotidine is more efficacious than no treatment in reducing severity of exercise-induced gastritis; and highdose famotidine is more efficacious than omeprazole in reducing severity of exercise-induced gastritis.Animals: Experiment 1: Randomized placebo-controlled study, 36 sled dogs (3-8 years); Experiment 2: Randomized positive-control study, 52 sled dogs (2-8 years).Methods: Experiment 1: Equal numbers of dogs randomly assigned to famotidine (20 mg q24h) or no treatment groups. Gastroscopy was performed 24 hours after the dogs ran 330 miles. Mucosal appearance was blindly scored by previously described scoring system. Experiment 2: Equal numbers of dogs randomly assigned to omeprazole (20 mg q24h) or high-dose famotidine (40 mg q12h) groups. Gastroscopy was performed 48 hours before and 24 hours after the dogs ran 300 miles. Mucosal appearance was blindly scored by previously described scoring system.Results: Famotidine reduced the prevalence of clinically relevant, exercise-induced gastric lesions compared with no treatment (7/16 versus 11/16, P 5 .031). Compared with high-dose famotidine, omeprazole significantly decreased the severity (0.4 versus 1.2, P 5 .0002) and prevalence (2/23 versus 7/21, P 5 .049) of gastric lesions.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Although famotidine provides some benefit in the prevention of exercise-induced gastric lesions, omeprazole is superior to famotidine in preventing gastritis in dogs running 300 miles. Routine administration of omeprazole is recommended to prevent stress-associated gastric disease in exercising and racing Alaskan sled dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Efficacy of Omeprazole versus High-Dose Famotidine for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Gastritis in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

Williamson¹,

Willard

Payton

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

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“…However, because this test is not available routinely in commercial laboratories, it will not be detailed in this review. The test has been used experimentally to screen for gastric damage associated with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs, 24,25 gastric surgery, 26 or strenuous exercise 27 in dogs.…”

Section: Gastric Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Tests for Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases

Dossin

2011

Topics in Companion Animal Medicine

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The panel of laboratory tests available for diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in dogs and cats is wide, and, recently, several new tests have been developed. This article will focus on advances in laboratory tests that are available for the general practitioner for diagnosis of GI diseases. Laboratory tests for diagnosis of gastric and intestinal infectious diseases include fecal parasite screening tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for parvoviral enteritis, and some specific bacterial tests like fluorescent in situ hybridization for identification of specific bacteria attached to the intestinal epithelial cells. Serum concentrations of folate and cobalamin are markers of intestinal absorption, but are also changed in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Hypocobalaminemia is common in GI and pancreatic disease. Decreased serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity is a very sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs and cats. Serum pancreatic lipase is currently the most sensitive and specific test to identify pancreatic cell damage and acute pancreatitis. However, serum canine pancreas-specific lipase is less sensitive in canine chronic pancreatitis. Increased serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity is also specific for pancreatic damage but is less sensitive. It is very likely that further studies will help to better specify the role of these new tests in the diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatic diseases.

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“…Since the main hemostatic finding was increased procoagulant activity, hemorrhage caused by systemically compromised hemostasis as part of the pathophysiology of the GI bleeding risk, reported in sled dogs, is less likely [1,4,21]. On the other hand prolonged hypercoagulable states associated with long distance racing activity could make dogs vulnerable to thrombosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The induction of increased procoagulant activity could be speculated to be caused by platelets activated by absorbed intestinal endotoxin [22], as increased intestinal permeability has been demonstrated in sled dogs [21,23] or by the proinflammatory state documented by the increased CRP after the 68 km sled pull. Other procoagulant activating mechanisms could include neutrophil activation, which in turn activates platelets and vice versa [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSled dogs performing endurance races have been reported to have a high incidence of gastric erosions or ulcerations and an increased risk of gastro intestinal bleeding leading to death in some cases. In addition, these dogs also become hypothyroid during training and exercise. Canine hypothyroidism has been shown to correlate with decreased von Willebrand factor antigen and potentially increased bleeding tendency. Whether increased gastro intestinal bleeding risk is exacerbated due to changes in the hemostatic balance is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemostatic balance in sled dogs before and after exercise and in addition evaluate any correlation to thyroid status. Twenty sled dogs have been assessed in untrained and trained condition and immediately after exercise. The first sample was collected in the autumn following a resting period, and subsequently the dogs were exposed to increased intensity of training. After four months the peak of physical condition was reached and a 68 km long sled pulling exercise was performed. Samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. Evaluated parameters were: plasma thromboelastographic (TEG) R, SP, α and MA, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWf), D-dimer, platelet number, thyroid hormones, hematocrit and C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultsExercise induced an overall hypercoagulable state characterized by significant decreases of TEG R and SP and an increase of α, increased concentrations of plasma vWf and decreased aPTT. In addition, a proinflammatory status was seen by a significant increase of serum CRP concentrations. Thyroid status was confirmed to be hypothyroid as training and exercise induced significant decrease of thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (fT4) and thyroxin stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Fibrinogen decreased significantly and PT increased. The training-induced changes showed correlation between T4, fT4 and aPTT and correlation between TSH and fibrinogen. Exercise-induced changes showed correlation between T4 and PT.ConclusionsExercise was associated with a hypercoagulable state and an increase of vWf concentration in this group of sled dogs. Decreased thyroid hormone concentrations after training and exercise were confirmed, but were associated with increased and not decreased vWf in this group of sled dogs.

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Temporal Relationship between Gastrointestinal Protein Loss, Gastric Ulceration or Erosion, and Strenuous Exercise in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Efficacy of Omeprazole versus High-Dose Famotidine for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Gastritis in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

Efficacy of Omeprazole versus High-Dose Famotidine for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Gastritis in Racing Alaskan Sled Dogs

Laboratory Tests for Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Diseases

Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs

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